三维裂隙网络渗流计算的边界元法及程序

岩体力学性质受结构面控制，表现出强烈的各向异性。同时工程地质师多年的实践认为岩石结构面是具有统计性的，因此岩体结构面网络模拟成为研究岩石力性质的新方向。其中裂隙网络渗流模拟，特别是三维裂隙网络的渗流计算是结构面网络模拟研究工作的重点和难点。又由于对于具有随机性裂隙网络渗流的计算，需要多次形成裂隙网络样本，并对每个样本进行多次计算，因此对渗流计算比确定性渗流提出更高的要求。本文基于将单个裂隙看作为一个不可压缩的二维各向同性多孔介质的假定，运用加权剩余法，推导了单裂隙渗流的边界单元法公式。通过将裂隙之间的交线看作为内部边界，推导了多裂隙相交时的边界单元法公式。利用FORTRAN 90语言编制了相应的计算程序BIEMNF。为验证程序的正确性，利用计算实例进行了考核。     

考虑材料层次尺寸效应影响的混凝土力学性能理论预测方法

大坝混凝土粗骨料粒径范围为5~150 mm,混凝土材料的宏观力学性能易随骨料级配等发生变化。本文从细观角度出发,提出了一种能够考虑材料层次尺寸效应影响的预测混凝土宏观力学性能的理论分析方法。结合混凝土材料内部细观结构形式,将其看作由粗骨料颗粒、砂浆基质以及界面过渡区组成的三相复合材料。假定骨料颗粒在混凝土受力过程中不发生破坏,采用双线性本构模型描述砂浆基质和界面过渡区的材料力学行为,基于断裂力学基本理论框架,推导得到了混凝土细观裂缝长度、宏观断裂能、单轴拉伸强度、特征长度以及脆性指数等力学参数的理论公式。基于本文提出的理论预测方法,分析了界面过渡区力学性能以及粗骨料级配、含量对混凝土宏观力学性能的影响。     

H08Mn2SiA盘条拉拔断裂原因分析

对φ5.5 mm的H08Mn2SiA盘条进行了化学成分、力学性能、夹杂物与显微组织等方面的检验,利用扫描电镜对断口进行了分析。结果表明：盘条边缘形成的贝氏体组织经强烈变形后产生的严重加工硬化是导致拉拔脆断的主要原因。通过热摸拟实验测定了H08Mn2SiA盘条钢的等温冷却转变曲线与连续冷却转变曲线,由此提出了在H08Mn2SiA盘条生产过程中降低冷却速度并采取严格保温手段来消除盘条边缘的异常贝氏体组织的改进措施。     

Microstructural and mechanical assessment of transient liquid phase bonded commercially pure titanium

Diffusion joining of commercially pure titanium was successfully prepared via transient liquid phase bonding in vacuum environment. The process was carried out using AMS 4772 silver-based filler alloy at 900–1000°C for various holding time under the vacuum of 6?×?10^?7?Torr. Optical and scanning electron microscopy equipped with an EDS analyzer was conducted for microstructural evaluations. Mechanical properties were also investigated by shear test, fractographic assessment and X-ray diffraction analyses. The tendency to achieve isothermally solidified joint increased by increasing bonding time. No sign of athermal solidification was detected of sample bonded at 1000°C for 90?min. Consequently, the bonding condition of a high quality joint was obtained. Elemental analyses revealed that filler alloy’s elements (Ag, Cu) distributed more uniformly in fully isothermal solidified bond, whereas the aggregation of these elements is considerable in athermally solidified bond. Shear test results represented that the highest shear strength attributed to the sample bonded in isothermal solidified condition (bonded at 1000°C for 90?min).     

Modeling of the electromechanical coupling between crack propagation and piezoelectric behavior in active layers of smart devices

In this article, a new computational approach is investigated to predict the crack propagation inside some smart structures equipped with surface-bonded piezoelectric layers; meanwhile, the electromechanical coupling is exploited. The current industrial need of analyzing rather irregular geometries motivates resorting to a numerical approach. Therefore, the finite element method (FEM) is used to predict both the fracture behavior and the coupled response of piezoelectric material through a suitable interoperation of the two computational environments, available in some commercial code like the ABAQUS^©. The two solutions are then coupled by means of a subroutine, in this case operated through the ISIGHT^© tool. After a preliminary analysis and a validation, results of some numerical simulations are shown to highlight some significant peculiarities of the coupled behavior of the piezoelectric material.     

Numerical assessment of the Double-Cantilever Beam and Tapered Double-Cantilever Beam tests for the GIC determination of adhesive layers

ABSTRACT

Fracture mechanics-based techniques have become very popular in the failure prediction of adhesive joints. The most commonly used is cohesive zone modeling (CZM). For both conventional fracture mechanics and CZM, the most important parameters are the tensile and shear critical strain energy release rates (G_IC and G_IIC, respectively). The most common tests to estimate G_IC are the Double-Cantilever Beam (DCB) and the Tapered Double-Cantilever Beam (TDCB) tests. The main objective of this work is to compare the DCB and TDCB tests to obtain the G_IC of adhesive joints. Three adhesives with varying ductilities were used to verify their influence on the precision of the typical methods of data reduction. For both tests, methods that do not need the measurement of crack length (a) were tested. A CZM analysis was considered to reproduce the experimental load–displacement (P-δ) curves and obtain the tensile CZM laws of each tested adhesive, to test the suitability of the data reduction methods, and to study the effect of the CZM parameters on the outcome of the simulations. The CZM models accurately reproduced the experimental tests and confirmed that the data reduction methods for the TDCB test tend to underestimate G_IC for ductile adhesives.     

电力机车牵引电机用低温球墨铸铁件的生产

针对牵引电机用低温球墨铸铁件结构复杂,壁厚差别大,易产生缩孔和缩松缺陷,并要求铸件-40℃的低温冲击功大于12J的这些生产难点.以端盖铸件为例,分别从造型工艺、熔炼、原材料的选择、化学成分的控制、热处理工艺等方面介绍了生产低温球墨铸铁件的生产过程.经检验,铸件性能达到国外同类产品的质量要求,实现了国产化生产.     

Toughening of cyanate ester resin by N‐phenylmaleimide–N‐(p‐hydroxy)phenyl‐maleimide–styrene terpolymers and their hybrid modifiers

N‐Phenylmaleimide–N‐(p‐hydroxy)phenylmaleimide–styrene terpolymer (HPMS), carrying reactive p‐hydroxyphenyl groups, was prepared and used to improve the toughness of cyanate ester resins. Hybrid modifiers composed of N‐phenylmaleimide–styrene copolymer (PMS) and HPMS were also examined for further improvement in toughness. Balanced properties of the modified resins were obtained by using the hybrid modifiers. The morphology of the modified resins depends on HPMS structure, molecular weight and content, and hybrid modifier compositions. The most effective modification of the cyanate ester resin was attained because of the co‐continuous phase structure of the modified resin. Inclusion of the modifier composed of 10 wt% PMS (M_w 136 000 g mol^?1) and 2.5 wt% HPMS (hydroxyphenyl unit 3 mol%, M_w 15 500 g mol^?1) led to 135% increase in the fracture toughness (K_IC) for the modified resin with a slight loss of flexural strength and retention of flexural modulus and glass transition temperature, compared with the values for the unmodified resin. Furthermore, the effect of the curing conditions on the mechanical and thermal properties of the modified resins was examined. The toughening mechanism is discussed in terms of the morphological and dynamic viscoelastic behaviour of the modified cyanate ester resin system. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Prevention of Internal Cracks in Forward Extrusion by Means of Counter Pressure: A Numerical Treatise

In the context of forward bulk extrusion, where product defects are frequently observed, the effect of counter pressure on damage accumulation materializing a Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) approach is presented. A Lemaitre variant damage model accounting for unilateral damage evolution coupled with a multiplicative finite plasticity is utilized for this purpose. After a presentation of the crack governing mechanism, it is demonstrated that application of counter pressure introduces a marked decrease in the central damage accumulation, which in turn increases the formability of the material through keeping the tensile triaxiality in tolerable limits. It is also shown that, for a crack involving process, through systematic increase of the counter pressure, the crack sizes diminish; and at a certain level of counter pressure chevron cracks can be completely avoided.     

Effects of particle size on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced Sn-Ag composite solder joint

Particulate size has significant influenced on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced composite solder joints. In this current research, Cu or Ni reinforcement particles were mechanically added to the Sn-3.5Ag eutectic solder, and the effects of the particle size on the mechanical properties of particle-reinforced composite solder joint were systematically studied. This investigation touched on how mechanical properties of the solder joints are affected by particles size. A quantitative formula was set up to correlate the mechanical property of the solder joint with particle size in different processing conditions. Besides, the fracture mechanism of the composite solder joint was analyzed.