Energy-efficient communication in wireless cable sensor networks

In this paper, we introduce a new type of sensor: cable sensor. Unlike traditional point sensors, this type of sensor has a rectangular sensing region with a processor installed on it to do processing and communication. The wireless network formed by this kind of sensor is called wireless cable sensor network (WCSN). We study energy-efficient communication algorithms in WCSNs. We address it in two ways: one is through reducing the total transmission power of processors while maintaining the connectivity of the network and the other is through scheduling cable sensors to let them take turns to go to sleep without affecting the coverage and connectivity of the network. In the first approach, we initially develop a distributed algorithm called DTRNG based on the relative neighbourhood graph. Later we enhance it to Algorithm determine the transmission power by removing the largest edge in CYCles (DTCYC). Mathematical proofs show that Algorithm DTCYC provides an optimal solution that can not only minimise the total processor transmission power but maintain the connectivity of the network as well. In the second approach, we propose a cable mode transition algorithm which determines the minimum number of active sensors to maintain K-coverage as well as K-connectivity required by the application. We discuss the relationship between coverage and connectivity and prove the theorems that lay the foundation for our algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm is efficient in saving energy.     

新疆联通移动基站电源设计

首先,介绍了直流远供技术在移动基站的应用;其次,指出了风光互补供电系统在设计中需要改进的地方;最后,介绍了高效模块混插和联合接地分配箱等新产品的应用。研究表明,在通信工程设计中,不仅需要采用相适宜的新产品、新技术,还要定期对设计的工程进行回访,结合前期工程中存在的问题,对设计进行修正补充,使其更贴近实际情况。     

一种基于衰减集结的鲁棒预测控制器

高效鲁棒预测控制 (ERPC) 是一种在线计算量较小, 且控制性能较好的鲁棒预测控制算法. 但采用单一椭圆不变集的设计方法存在保守性. 本文采用衰减集结策略, 通过离线设计在系统状态空间中投影彼此正交的两个椭圆不变集, 在线进行凸组合的方法设计 ERPC 控制器, 使系统初始可行域进一步扩大, 并在一定程度上改善了控制性能.     

基于生成树的无线传感器网络MAC协议

简要分析了无线传感器网络(W SNs)MAC层协议,针对MAC协议在节能和时延方面的不足,提出了一种基于生成树的MAC协议(ST-MAC)。以汇聚点为根节点,创建一个由网络中所有节点组成的生成树。ST-MAC采用TDMA接入方式,其固有的低工作周期提高了网络性能。性能分析和实验结果表明:相对S-MAC,ST-MAC在能量节省和时延方面有较好的效果。     

无线传感网络中基于综合因素的分布式路由算法

近年来由于在多方面的广泛应用,无线传感器网络受到了越来越多的关注.然而限于无线传感器网络自身的限制,如何更好地节省能量,仍为无线传感器路由协议设计中面临的主要问题之一.LEACH等基于分簇的路由协议通过成簇来减少能量消耗,但是成簇过程却带来额外消耗以及冗余.对LEACH协议中簇头生成算法进行了研究并提出了改进,提出了基于节点能量、节点距离以及节点度的分布式优化算法,并对优化算法进行分析与仿真.仿真试验表明,基于综合因素的分布式簇头选举算法优化了簇头选举方式和簇头的分布,从而节省了能量消耗,延长了网络生存周期.     

Simple tests for multi-criteria optimality

In this paper we present two tests which can decide whether a given pointx ₀ ^N is locally efficient or not with respect to a given finite set of real valued continuously differentiable functions defined on ^N . Examples indicate that the tests may fail on a nowhere dense set.     

基于卷积神经网络的随机因子重采样图像检测

图像重采样检测是图像取证领域的重要任务,其目的是检测图像是否经过重采样操作。现有的基于深度学习的重采样检测方法大多只针对特定的重采样因子进行研究,而较少考虑重采样因子完全随机的情况。本文根据重采样操作中所涉及的插值技术原理设计了一组高效互补的图像预处理结构以避免图像内容的干扰,并通过可变形卷积层和高效通道注意力机制(efficient channel attention, ECA)分别提取和筛选重采样特征,从而有效提高了卷积神经网络整合提取不同重采样因子的重采样特征的能力。实验结果表明,无论对于未压缩的重采样图像还是JPEG压缩后处理的重采样图像,本文方法都可以有效检测,且预测准确率相比现有方法均有较大提升。     

注意力增强和目标模型更新的红外目标跟踪算法

目的 多数以深度学习为基础的红外目标跟踪方法在对比度弱、噪声多的红外场景下,缺少对目标细节信息的利用,而且当跟踪场景中有相似目标且背景杂乱时,大部分跟踪器无法对跟踪的目标进行有效的更新,导致长期跟踪时鲁棒性较差。为解决这些问题,提出一种基于注意力和目标模型自适应更新的红外目标跟踪算法。方法 首先以无锚框算法为基础,加入针对红外跟踪场景设计的快速注意力增强模块以并行处理红外图像,在不损失原信息的前提下提高红外目标与背景的差异性并增强目标的细节信息,然后将提取的特征融合到主干网络的中间层,最后利用目标模型自适应更新网络,学习红外目标的特征变化趋势,同时对目标的中高层特征进行动态更新。结果 本文方法在 4 个红外目标跟踪评估基准上与其他先进算法进行了比较,在 LSOTB-TIR(large-scale thermalinfrared object tracking benchmark)数据集上的精度为 79.0%,归一化精度为 71.5%,成功率为 66.2%,较第 2 名在精度和成功率上分别高出 4.0%和 4.6%;在 PTB-TIR(thermal infrared pedestrian tracking benchmark)数据集上的精度为85.1%,成功率为 66.9%,较第 2 名分别高出 1.3% 和 3.6%;在 VOT-TIR2015(thermal infrared visual object tracking)和VOT-TIR2017 数据集上的期望平均重叠与精确度分别为 0.344、0.73 和 0.276、0.71,本文算法在前 3 个数据集的测评结果均达到最优。同时,在 LSOTB-TIR 数据集上的消融实验结果显示,本文方法对基线跟踪器有着明显的增益作用。结论 本文算法提高了对红外目标特征的捕捉能力,解决了红外目标跟踪易受干扰的问题,能够提升红外目标长期跟踪的精度和成功率。     

基于强化学习的列车驾驶曲线节能优化算法

在保证安全和准时性的前提下,自动化列车运行可以有效减少列车耗能。为了灵活应对列车运行种的动态变化,提出了一种基于强化学习的方法,可以优化列车控制策略且不采用之前关于列车动力学的知识和设计的列车速度曲线。这个优化模型将列车节能作为目标,把准点到达、列车限速、停车位置作为限制条件。大量的列车运行经验可以被用来训练深度神经网络直到得到最优化行为价值函数,通过对训练过的神经网络输入状态,可以准确输出每个行为的价值,然后再根据行为价值的大小来选择最优的驾驶策略。     

Hydrothermal Synthesis of VO2 Polymorphs: Advantages,Challenges and Prospects for the Application of Energy Efficient Smart Windows

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is a widely studied inorganic phase change material, which has a reversible phase transition from semiconducting monoclinic to metallic rutile phase at a critical temperature of τ_c ≈ 68 °C. The abrupt decrease of infrared transmittance in the metallic phase makes VO₂ a potential candidate for thermochromic energy efficient windows to cut down building energy consumption. However, there are three long‐standing issues that hindered its application in energy efficient windows: high τ_c, low luminous transmittance (T_lum), and undesirable solar modulation ability (ΔT_sol). Many approaches, including nano‐thermochromism, porous films, biomimetic surface reconstruction, gridded structures, antireflective overcoatings, etc, have been proposed to tackle these issues. The first approach—nano‐thermochromism—which is to integrate VO₂ nanoparticles in a transparent matrix, outperforms the rest; while the thermochromic performance is determined by particle size, stoichiometry, and crystallinity. A hydrothermal method is the most common method to fabricate high‐quality VO₂ nanoparticles, and has its own advantages of large‐scale synthesis and precise phase control of VO₂. This Review focuses on hydrothermal synthesis, physical properties of VO₂ polymorphs, and their transformation to thermochromic VO₂(M), and discusses the advantages, challenges, and prospects of VO₂(M) in energy‐efficient smart windows application.