不同乳化剂作用下三聚氰胺-甲醛@正十八烷微胶囊相变复合材料微观形貌和热性能

采用原位聚合法,通过改变非离子/阴离子乳化剂组合制备了一系列以正十八烷(OD)为芯材、三聚氰胺(M)-甲醛树脂(F)为壁材的微胶囊相变储能材料,并借助FTIR、SEM、DSC和激光粒度分析仪等手段系统研究了乳化剂复配对M-F@OD微胶囊相变材料微观形貌和相变潜热的影响。结果表明,不同乳化剂组合及掺量对M-F@OD微胶囊相变材料的形貌和性能产生显著影响,当采用非离子和阴离子复合乳化剂时,M-F@OD微胶囊相变材料团聚现象得到明显改善,粒径分布更加均匀,颗粒尺寸进一步细化,粒径大小范围为0.1~1μm,储热能力明显提高,相变潜热达到70.86J/g。     

几种高分子乳化剂在乳化炸药中的性能研究

选取几种不同性能指标的聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺类高分子乳化剂,通过低剪切乳化、低浓度乳化(乳化剂质量占基质比:0.1%)测试了乳化剂的乳化能力;按照现场散装乳化炸药配方制备了乳化基质,通过动力黏度、自然储存、高低温循环、超声波法等评价了基质的基本性能,测定了乳化炸药的敏化速率和初始爆速。结果表明:EMU-3高分子乳化剂制备的乳化基质储存稳定性和抗颠簸性能好,基质黏度适中,敏化速率适宜,炸药爆速达4 436 m/s,适宜于现场散装乳化炸药的生产。     

支链化结构高分子乳化剂的合成机理和应用

针对聚异丁烯顺丁烯二酸酐（PIBSA）和醇胺类产品为原料氯化催化合成的支链化结构的新型高分子乳化剂（以下简称氯化法高分子乳化剂）,进行了合成机理的研究、谱图分析和实验室储存性能的测试。该乳化剂制备的基质性能良好,添加量(质量分数）分别为1.5%和1.2%时,经过9个高低温循环,和进口高分子乳化剂添加量1.5%（质量分数）生产的基质析晶程度无差别。3组工业试验结果表明,氯化法高分子乳化剂（质量分数1.2%）生产的乳胶基质,初始爆速达3 787 m/s以上,与进口高分子乳化剂生产的乳胶基质性能相当;在矿山颠簸500 km和储存30 d的条件下,氯化法高分子乳化剂制备的乳胶基质性能衰减最小。因此,氯化法高分子乳化剂应用在现场混装乳化炸药中,可以降低乳化剂的添加量,从而达到降低成本的目的,也可以替代国外进口的高分子乳化剂,具有良好的爆破效果和储存性能。     

氧化还原引发丙烯酸酯乳液共聚物的合成研究

本文以丙烯酸丁酯－苯乙烯－丙烯酸－丙烯酸羟乙酯为聚合体系，以过硫酸铵／亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂。考察了不同氧化剂／还原剂用量、不同反应温度、不同乳化剂用量对单体转化率、特性上度、乳液稳定性的影响，并与过硫酸铵单组分引发进行了比较，用红外光谱（IR）和差热分析（DSC）对共聚物进行了表征。结果表明：采用氧化还原引发剂可以使聚合反应低温快速进行，过量的还原剂起阻聚或缓聚的作用，采用复合乳化剂体系可提高聚合反应速度和乳液的稳定性，合成的共聚物为无规共聚物。     

乳液聚合稳定性研究

本文采用正交实验，确定在选用同类乳化剂情况下，影响乳液聚合过程稳定性的最主要因素是乳化剂的用量，并从理论上探讨了适当的乳化剂用量可使乳液聚合过程最稳定。最后，从乳胶粒平均位径的测定结果进一步验证了上述理论．     

Nucleation behavior of blended high‐melting fractions of milk fat as affected by emulsifiers

The effect of highly hydrophobic emulsifiers, the palmitic sucrose ester P‐170 (hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) = 1.0), the stearic sucrose ester S‐170 (HLB = 1.0), the polyglycerol ester decaglycerol decastearate DAS 7S (HLB = 3.7) and the polyglycerol ester decaglycerol dodecabehenate DDB 750 (HLB = 2.6), on the nucleation of a high melting point milk fat fraction (HMF) and its blends with sunflower oil (SFO) was investigated by polarized laser light turbidimetry, X‐ray diffractometry and polarized light microscopy (PLM). Addition of polyglycerol esters accelerated nucleation, giving shorter induction times for the same supercooling. On the contrary, sucrose esters inhibited nucleation since induction times were elongated in all conditions selected. Addition of emulsifiers modified the polymorphic behavior in the blends with SFO. The β' form was promoted especially with the addition of S‐170. DAS 7S and DDB 750 promoted crystallization. PLM images showed many small crystals that did not appear in HMF images. Addition of P‐170 and S‐170 delayed nucleation and inhibited crystal growth. Crystals were notoriously smaller than the ones that appeared in HMF images. The Fisher–Turnbull model was used to calculate activation free energies of nucleation. In all cases, sucrose esters elevated the energy barrier for nucleation. Polyglycerol esters, however, if they had an effect on the energy barrier, lowered the values.     

500L低位高剪切乳胶漆成套生产设备的设计与研究

介绍了一种小型(500L)可连续生产乳胶漆的成套设备。该设备无需大型工作台面,落地生产(故称低位),占地面积仅为1 2m×4m。具有完善的计算机自动控制进水系统、粉料真空吸入系统。并采用新技术高剪切乳化机及篮式研磨分散机与其他结构优化组合,所生产的各类乳胶漆产品质量稳定。该套机械设备可连续生产,效率高,价格低廉,经济适用。     

MS和MSE的特性及其在化妆品中的应用

本文较详细地介绍了甲基葡萄糖苷倍半硬脂酸酯（MS）和聚氧乙烯（20EO）甲基葡萄糖苷倍半硬脂酸酯（MSE）的结构、合成、质量指标和特性及其在化妆品中的应用。     

10％丙线磷微乳剂的研究

介绍了具有优良杀线虫效果的农药新剂型——— 10 %丙线磷微乳剂 ,简述了该剂型的特点 ,乳化剂及助表面活性剂品种的筛选 ,并且考察了水质对微乳剂配制的影响 ,考察了配制的微乳剂低温、热贮、乳化和对原药分解率等性能 ,表明该微乳剂品种具有分解率低 ,质量稳定 ,使用安全 ,社会效益显著等特点     

Toughening modification of PS with n‐BA/MMA/styrene core–shell structured copolymer from emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization

Core–shell structured particles, which comprise the rubbery core and glassy layers, were prepared by emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization of poly(n‐butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene [P(n‐BA/MMA)/PS]. The particle diameter was about 0.22 μm, and the rubbery core was uncrosslinked and lightly crosslinked, respectively. The smaller core–shell structured particle–toughened PS blends were investigated in detail. The dynamic mechanical behavior and observation by scanning electron microscopy of the modified blend system with core–shell structured particles indicated good compatibility between PS and the particles, which is the necessary qualification for an effective toughening modifier. Notched‐impact strength and related mechanical properties were measured for further evaluation of the toughening efficiency. The notched‐impact strength of the toughened PS blends with uncrosslinked particles reached almost sixfold higher than that of the untoughened PS when 15 phr of the core–shell structured particles was added. For the crosslinked particles the toughening effect for PS was not obvious. The toughening mechanism for these smaller particles also is discussed in this article. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1290–1297, 2003