FR型专用复合蜡在粉状乳化炸药中的应用?

以含蜡馏分油为原料,添加FR专用乳化剂和其他添加剂,利用均匀设计技术进行配方优化试验,着重考察复合蜡的滴点、黏度、含油量对粉状乳化炸药储存稳定性及抗水性的影响。试验结果表明,复合蜡适宜的滴点为70~85℃,适宜的黏度为75~85 mm2/s,适宜的含油量(质量分数)为20%~30%。通过工业应用试验结果表明,以FR型专用复合蜡为油相材料生产的粉状乳化炸药,爆炸性能满足WJ9025—2004岩石粉状乳化炸药标准的要求,可完全替代T-155、石蜡和微晶蜡等油相材料。     

耐低温乳化炸药的研究进展

传统乳化炸药在低温下由于乳胶基质中氧化物溶解度降低、水相凝固、有机相变硬等原因,存在破乳析晶、结冻等现象,致使其爆炸性能降低,不能完全爆轰,甚至拒爆,影响高纬度地区低温条件下的工程爆破作业效果。综合近年来国内外对耐低温乳化炸药的研究,对乳化剂类型、油相材料、氧化剂水溶液的析晶点、敏化方式等影响乳化炸药耐低温性能的主要因素分别进行了概述及分析,综述了耐低温乳化炸药的研究进展。     

反应型乳化剂在微乳液皮革柔软增强剂制备中的应用探索

在前期微乳皮革增强复鞣剂研究的基础上,优化出了反应型乳化剂的最佳合成条件,制备出反应型乳化剂——马来酸酐十二醇单酯钾盐,代替外乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠,进行无皂微乳液聚合制备皮革柔软增强剂（EM）。将制得的EM用于猪二层革的增强处理。结果表明：反应型乳化剂与混合单体（丙烯酸丁酯90g、甲基丙烯酸甲酯75g和二乙烯基苯15g）的质量分别为120g和180g。活性单体丙烯酸质量为10g时对皮革的柔软增强效果最好。横向撕裂强度提高58.8%,纵向提高37.4%,成革的横向和纵向的撕裂强度趋于一致,崩破强度提高54.1%。     

石蜡乳液的研制

选用三乙醇胺、吐温-60和硬脂酸作为乳化剂,考察乳化剂的HLB值、乳化温度、时间、乳化剂和水的用量等因素对石蜡乳液的影响,获得制备石蜡乳液的优化工艺条件。实验结果表明,该乳液的稳定性和分散性均很好。     

接枝改性腈纶织物亲水性能的研究

采用酰胺类亲水性单体对腈纶织物接枝改性,利用正交试验法对溶胀剂、乳化剂、引发剂的种类和用量进行了选择。结果表明,选择溶胀剂NaSCN 0．8 g／L,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠0．4g／L,引发剂BPO 0．4 g／L,接枝改性效果较好。腈纶织物的吸湿率由0．2％提高至5．0％,保水率由3％提高至13％。     

聚醋酸乙烯乳液稳定性能的研究——乳化剂对乳液聚合稳定性的影响

采用半连续乳液聚合的方法,合成聚醋酸乙烯乳液,探讨乳化剂的种类,配比及浓度对乳液聚合稳定性和粘度的影响。该乳液稳定性能良好,木-木压缩剪切强度达12MPa以上,可作为多孔性物质的胶粘剂使用。     

Influence of an emulsifier on the pressure desensitization of emulsion explosives

The desensitization degree of emulsion explosives （EE） was calculated with the peak pressure of explosion shock waves tested in water. To an explosive, the less the desensitization degree, the better the compression resistance, so the compression resistance of an explosive can be compared and analyzed quantificationally with the desensitization degree. The influence of an emulsifier on the pressure desensitization of EE was studied, including the content and category of emulsifiers. Three kinds of emulsifiers （Span-80, compound emulsifier, and T-152） were used in the tests. The experimental results show that both the content and category of emulsifiers make a great effect on the pressure desensitization of EE. The desensitization degree of EE reduces with the emulsifier content being increased, but there is an optimal content of an emulsifier for the compression resistance of EE. While the content of Span-80 reaches 4wt%, the desensitization degree of EE becomes a minimal value, and augments somewhat if the emulsifier content is increased more. That is to say, the compression resistance of EE becomes the highest while the content of Span-80 is 4wt%, and the compression resistance will decline if the content of Span-80 is increased more. The compression resistance of the explosive emulsified by compound emulsifier is the highest among all the explosives, when the content of the whole components and manufacturing engineering are kept invariable.     

Conversion of aqueous extracts from thermochemical treatment of bagasse into functional emulsifiers

Synthetic emulsifiers in food industries are being replaced with a customer-friendly food ingredient that is derived from biomass using sustainable green technologies. After hydrothermal liquefaction treatment, raw bagasse (21%), pith (26%), and rind portions (25%) were obtained with reduced ash contents. As aqueous extracts, with oligosaccharides and lignin residues, it was used in the preparation of oil-in-water emulsions with 5% soybean oil. Results showed that the emulsions stabilised the oil droplets with particle size between 11 and 17 µm by steric repulsion with raw bagasse-stabilised emulsion showing a better stability at 25 °C (31 days). It was demonstrated that raw bagasse extracts, without alteration, maybe a potential unconventional source for food-grade emulsifiers by integrating a versatile thermochemical conversion of waste without the use of chemicals.     

大豆油体蛋糕的制作及品质分析

目的 为比较大豆油体、单甘脂和蔗糖酯三种成分对蛋糕烘焙学特征的影响。方法 本文通过对蛋糕面胚比容、质构，蛋糕面糊比重、黏度和表面气孔特性以及理化指标检测，并对蛋糕进行感官评定进行测试。结果 结果表明，大豆油体最适添加量为4.5%。大豆油体能增加蛋糕的黏度，有助于形成稳定的乳化体系，并且大豆油体蛋糕的酸价、过氧化值和反式脂肪酸检测结果符合国家标准。结论 大豆油体和乳化剂能显著提高豆乳奶油蛋糕的比容，降低硬度，从而改善蛋糕的品质特性。     

溴化丁基橡胶乳化工艺技术研究

采用乳化工艺制备了溴化丁基橡胶（BIIR）胶乳,研究了乳化剂种类、BIIR正己烷溶液浓度、乳化时间、乳化转速、胶乳体系pH值及蒸馏方式对BIIR胶乳的影响。结果表明,乳化BIIR的最佳条件为:BIIR正己烷溶液中BIIR质量分数为15.00%,体系pH值调节至11～12,高速剪切乳化时间为30 min,高剪转速为5 500～6 000 r/min,采用负压（压力为-0.04 MPa）旋转蒸馏,所得BIIR胶乳的蒸馏破乳率较低,且总固物质量分数可以达到45.00%以上;使用质量分数为20%的氯化钙溶液破乳成膜效果最佳。