多螺杆挤出机的研究与应用

对三螺杆挤出机的结构、混合机理和挤出特性进行了分析,重点论述了三螺杆挤出机的研发及应用现状,并对四螺杆挤出机的研发现状进行了简要介绍,指出多螺杆挤出机发展的不足之处,对多螺杆挤出机的研究与应用具有一定的指导意义.     

高熔体强度聚丙烯/低密度聚乙烯共混体系的挤出发泡行为研究

利用熔体流动速率测试仪和转矩流变仪对不同比例的高熔体强度聚丙烯(HMSPP)/低密度聚乙烯(PELD)共混体系的流变行为进行研究,并对共混体系的流变数据进行分析.随后采用超临界CO2作为发泡剂进行了HMSPP/PE-LD共混体系的挤出发泡研究,并通过真密度计和扫描电子显微镜表征了发泡材料的表观密度和泡体结构参数.结果表...     

辊式挤压成型机机架设计与有限元分析

介绍辊式挤压成型机的工作原理和产品特点,重点阐述了机架设计中的要点与细节问题,并以φ800 mm×340 mm挤压成型机为例计算得到侧臂支架的应力与变形分布,验证了机架结构设计的合理性。     

Structure and properties development in poly(phenylene sulfide) fibers,part I: Effect of material and melt spinning process variables

The detailed research study of manufacturing PPS fibers using melt spinning and further enhancement of tensile properties by drawing and annealing experiments, a study lacking as of today in open scientific literature, was the focus of this research. This article discusses the effect of polymer molecular weight (MW) and melt spinning process variables on the structure and properties development in melt spun fibers manufactured from proprietary Fortron® linear PPS resins. Structure‐properties relationship was studied using several characterization tools like tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light optical microscopy, and wide‐angle x‐ray scattering. Changes in dynamic mechanical behavior of as‐spun fibers manufactured from resins of varying MW and different melt spinning take‐up speeds were also studied. The study showed that by a combination of higher MW of the polymer and spinning at higher take‐up speeds, tensile properties of as‐spun PPS fibers can be improved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Flow behavior in a corotating twin‐screw extruder of pure polymers and blends: Characterization by fluorescence monitoring technique

The objective of this work was to investigate the flow behavior of pure polymers and blends, especially miscible polymer/polymer systems, in a corotating twin‐screw extruder (TSE) using an online fluorescence monitoring device. An immiscible blend was also studied for the sake of comparison. The fluorescence signal was obtained by using synthesized fluorescence tracers added to the melt at very low concentrations. These tracers consisted of two styrene‐maleic anhydride copolymers (SMA) labeled with anthracene. The investigated blends were SMA8 (8 wt % of MA in SMA)/polystyrene (PS), SMA14 (14 wt % of MA in SMA)/styrene acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/ethyl acrylate‐methyl methacrylate copolymer (PMMAEA). The residence time distribution (RTD), the mean residence time (t ), the dimensionless variance (σ_θ²), the Peclet number (Pe) and the fluorescence peak intensity distribution of pure polymers and binary polymer systems were investigated and interpreted in terms of polymers rheological properties. It was observed that polymers presenting higher viscosity or higher pressure showed longer residence time. A difference in behavior was also observed for the RTD of miscible and immiscible blends. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Reactive supercritical fluid extrusion for development of moisture resistant starch‐based foams

The main objective of this work was to reduce barriers that prevent the usage of starch‐based foams by understanding the effect and the sequence of dual‐modification of crosslinked (XL) and acetylated (Ac) starch in one continuous supercritical fluid reactive extrusion (SCFX) process on wetting properties, physicochemical properties, and cellular structure of solid foam. The starch was reacted with epichlorohydrin (EPI) and acetic anhydride (Ac) under alkaline conditions in a twin‐screw extruder in the presence of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO₂). An increase in EPI concentration from 0.00 to 3.00% increased the degree of crosslinking as measured by DSC and confirmed by the quantification of the glucose units in the solution after acid hydrolysis. We observed a reduction of the glucose units from 93.07% for 0.00% EPI to 6.73% when 3.00% EPI was added. With crosslinking/acetylation processing, contact angle was higher for modified starches, indicating that chemical treatments induced dramatic changes in their surface polarity. Compared with native, the contact angle for dual modified starch increased from 43.1° to 91.7° which indicated their lower wettability. The addition of SC‐CO₂, EPI, and Ac to the formulation reduced the density of the extrudates and increased the expansion ratio. The average cell size in the extrudate determined by scanning electron microscopy was also found to decrease from 150 to 34 μm by the addition of the two reagents. Moreover, the dual‐modification of starches provided more hardness and adhesiveness to the extrudates than was observed for the unmodified starches. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Linear low‐density polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends compatibilization prepared by an eccentric rotor extruder: A morphology,mechanical, thermal,and rheological study

In this study, various poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) with maleic anhydride‐grafted LLDPE (LLDPE‐g‐MAH) compatibilizer were melt blended under an elongational flow. A novel extrusion device, eccentric rotor extruder (ERE), was developed to supply such flow during the process. Including morphology, mechanical properties, melting behavior, and rheological behavior were studied. The morphological study showed that the compatibility between LLDPE and PET was greatly improved with LLDPE loading up to 80 wt %. Mechanical tests indicated that LLDPE could toughen PET to some extent. Moreover, a comparison of samples prepared between ERE and conventional extruder was made and demonstrated the sample prepared by ERE can exhibit better mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that PET can promote the crystallinity of LLDPE. Rheological behavior indicated that the complex viscosity of the blends exhibited strong shear thinning phenomenon with increasing LLDPE content, particularly in high‐frequency range blend with the LLDPE weight ratio of 80 wt % was more sensitivity to shear rate than neat LLDPE. The G′‐G″ curves of the blends also revealed that the microstructure of the blends changed significantly with the addition of LLDPE which was consistent with the scanning electron micrographs that PET particles became smaller and distributed more uniform with increasing LLDPE content. Furthermore, the blends showed similar stress relaxation mechanism with adding LLDPE content from 60 to 100 wt %. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46489.     

丁苯橡胶分子结构和炭黑对挤出流变行为的影响

通过毛细管流变仪并结合多种表征测试手段,研究丁苯橡胶分子结构和炭黑用量对胶料挤出流变特性的影响。结果表明:乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR)和炭黑补强ESBR胶料的表观剪切粘度分别大于溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)和炭黑补强SSBR胶料;ESBR与SSBR的挤出稳定性相当,但炭黑补强SSBR胶料的挤出稳定性更优,挤出物外观质量较好;与SSBR相比,ESBR的分子链柔顺性和炭黑在其基体中的分散性更好,炭黑补强ESBR胶料中结合胶含量更高。     

Unique crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene in the presence of l‐isoleucine and its inhibition and promotion mechanism of nucleation

l ‐Isoleucine (l ‐Ile) was identified as an efficient anti‐nucleating agent for isotactic polypropylene (iPP). At 0.08 wt %, l ‐Ile could significantly decrease the peak crystallization temperature (T_cp) of iPP by up to 8 °C at a cooling rate of 20 °C/min. Furthermore, l ‐Ile exhibited both anti‐nucleation and pro‐nucleation abilities; i.e., a low content of l ‐Ile inhibited iPP crystallization, whereas a high content promoted iPP crystallization. The unique crystallization behavior of iPP in the presence of l ‐Ile was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy (POM), and rheological measurement. According to POM, a low content of l ‐Ile completely dissolved in the iPP melt, whereas a high content of l ‐Ile did not. Therefore, a mechanism by which l ‐Ile inhibits and promotes the nucleation of iPP was proposed. Dissolving l ‐Ile molecules in the iPP melt hindered the homogeneous nucleation of iPP as a “dilution effect”; however, as the content increases, l ‐Ile could not be completely dissolved in molten iPP, and the residual crystals of l ‐Ile thus provided heterogeneous nucleation sites for iPP and further promoted its crystallization. Experimental evidence from rheology and POM supported this mechanism. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45956.     

Melt compounded nanocomposites with semi‐interpenetrated network structure based on natural rubber,polyethylene, and carrot nanofibers

The present study deals with the processing and characterization of cellulose nanocomposites natural rubber (NR), low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) reinforced with carrot nanofibers (CNF) with the semi‐interpenetrated network (S‐IPN) structure. The nanocomposites were compounded using a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder where a master‐batch of NR and CNF was fed to the LDPE melt, and the NR phase was crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide. The prepared S‐IPN nanocomposites exhibited a significant improvement in tensile modulus and yield strength with 5 wt % CNF content. These improvements are due to a better phase dispersion in the S‐IPN nanocomposites compared with the normal blend materials, as demonstrated by optical microscopy, electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The S‐IPN nanocomposite also displayed an improved crystallinity and higher thermal resistance compared with NR, CNF, and the normal blend materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45961.