水性聚氨酯改性明胶皮革涂饰剂的制备与表征

合成了一种水性聚氨酯预聚体,并于水性介质中在偶联剂的作用下将聚氨酯接枝于明胶链上,制备出一种新型皮革涂饰剂。该研究对水性聚氨酯预聚体的合成中预聚温度,二羟甲基丙酸用量(DMPA)及三乙胺(TEA)用量的研究结果表明:最适预聚温度为65℃,最佳DMPA用量为4%,最宜中和度为85%;FT-IR光谱分析表明:明胶链上的—NH2,—OH参与了偶联反应;物理机械性能测试结果表明:当明胶和聚氨酯的质量比为50∶50时,改性胶膜的断裂伸长率可达325.6%,抗张强度为37.3MPa,透湿量为347%,溶剂吸收率为26.8%,吸水率为65%。应用性能测试表明:在明胶和聚氨酯的质量比为50∶50时,所涂皮块的耐干擦等级为5,耐湿擦等级为4。     

山东传统渔村文化元素在船木家具设计中的应用

目的 以东楮岛传统渔村文化为典型案例,详细剖析渔村文化元素如何应用于现代船木家具产品的设计思维,探索船木家具设计中应用渔村乡土民俗文化的策略。方法 基于山东荣成地区东楮岛渔村文化的田野调研,通过船木材质、民居陈设、木作工艺、创新创意等多方面考察及“渔村”文化元素汇集,结合胶东半岛沿海地区的风俗习惯,运用设计艺术学原理论证船木家具设计的创新理念和审美思维。结论 船木家具是海洋渔村文化的物质承载者,其设计思维注重船木材质特性、粗犷的结构方式、简约时尚的功能形式,并且显现出渔村生活文化元素的审美属性。现代船木家具产品的创新设计将对我国民族传统渔村文化保护和传承具有重要的实践意义。     

Systems pharmacology approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms of herb Rhodiola rosea L. radix

Rhodiola rosea L. radix (RRL) is one of the most popular medical herb which has been widely used for the treatment of different diseases effectively, including cardiovascular diseases and nerve system diseases. However, due to the multiple compounds in RRL, the underlying molecular mechanisms of RRL are remained unclear. To decipher the action mechanisms of RRL from a systematic perspective, a systems pharmacology approach integrated absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) system, drug targeting, and network analysis was introduced. First, by the ADME screening system and the target fishing process, 56 potential active compounds and 62 targets were obtained, respectively. In addition, compound-target network demonstrated that most compounds interacted with multiple targets, indicating that RRL may enhance its therapeutic effects probably through hitting on multiple targets in a holistic level. Moreover, target-pathway network and gene ontology analysis showed that multiple targets of RRL were involved in several biological pathways, i.e. Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, and VEGF signaling pathway, which dissecting the therapeutic effects of RRL on various diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, depression, adaptation diseases, etc. In summary, this work successfully explains the potential active compounds and the multi-scale curative action mechanisms of RRL for treating various diseases; meanwhile, it implies that RRL could be applied as a novel therapeutic agent in arthritic diseases. Most importantly, this work provides an in silico strategy to understand the action mechanisms of herbal medicines from molecular/system levels, which will promote the new drug development of traditional Chinese medicine.     

高性能海水养殖鲍鱼专用人工礁石的研究

根据鲍鱼生长特征设计了专用人工礁石，在配制混凝土的过程中，考虑到混凝土中掺入微量元素对海洋中藻类附着非常有利，经多次试验确定了向量元素的含量，同时，考虑到礁石在海洋环境中的耐久性，对工艺制作，配比优化，海岛特殊环境下的养护条件，混凝土在海流冲刷下的长期稳定性等进行了大量研究，研究表明，采用高性能，高功能、生态混凝土技术渔礁的耐久性是可靠的。采用复合外加剂，纳米超细硅质材料，表面浸透憎水材料、自制附着式震动密实成型设备，大阳能养护等技术措施是可行的，掺用复合微量元素制作的人工礁石仅投放40天，就长满了大量的海洋生物，与海洋生物共存的性能十分优异。     

鱼糜的凝胶机理

由于鱼糜中球蛋白的凝胶过程是影响鱼糜制品的关键,所以研究凝胶过程的机理对生产有重大的指导意义,文章对凝胶形成的几种主要理论加以论述,并认为各种机理都仅对某一种或一类鱼适宜,各机理待进一步发展和完善。     

Small-scale portable photovoltaic-battery-LED systems with submersible LED units to replace kerosene-based artisanal fishing lamps for Sub-Saharan African lakes

A technical simulation and economic model was developed for a floating photovoltaic (PV)-battery system powering a submerged light emitting diode (LED) lighting system. The system was designed to provide around the equivalent of 1000 lumens (lm) of light of the existing light fishing technology (a floating pressurised kerosene light) for artisanal light fishers to use for 8 h per night on Lake Victoria and other lakes in the region (Tanganyika, Rukwa, Mweru, Kivu, etc.). The net present cost (NPC) of a technically appropriate PV-battery-LED system was calculated as US$280 over 5 years, five-times less than the existing solar-based technology, a PV-battery-compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) system, and around ten times less than the baseline pressurised kerosene-based technology over the five years. Fishers owning the new PV-battery-LED system outright will likely recoup their initial investment within a year relative to the cost of alternatives, although the upfront capital cost of the new system was higher than the pressurised kerosene and PV-battery-CFL, and found to be practically unaffordable to the subsistence fishers without microcredit. Nonetheless, the technical simulations found that the new system was also able to provide additional lighting services during the day and evening, with little (if any) electrical impact on the system when in use for light fishing during the small hours of moonless nights. This research also demonstrates that the high cost of operating pressurised kerosene lamps precludes them for use in other applications within the community, including in homes. This research suggests that facilitated local development of appropriate new light fishing technology configurations will require training of local individuals to sensitise fishing communities to the new technology, and sustain wider adoption of the more efficient, cost-effective, and safer alternative.     

中温固化环氧树脂基体在复合材料钓鱼竿上的应用

本文介绍了复合材料钓鱼竿对环氧树脂基体的工艺要求,研制了一种适用于碳纤维和混合纤维复合材料钓鱼竿生产工艺的中温固化环氧树脂基体。该基体的室温贮存期,１００℃以下适用期,中温固化速率以及制成钓鱼竿产品的力学性能均优于双氰胺固化的环氧树脂基体。     

套铣打捞处理定向钻孔卡钻事故工艺及应用

针对煤矿井下近水平定向钻孔施工过程中常遇到的塌孔、卡钻事故,对比分析了常用事故处理方法及套铣打捞的原理、工艺参数及适用性。在山西阳泉新景矿成功处理孔深210.2 m的卡钻事故,将定向钻具及测量仪器顺利提出,同时保住了钻孔。结果表明,采用φ120 mm套铣打捞钻头+φ114 mm套铣打捞钻杆的钻具组合,回转转速控制在10~20 r/min,满足此次套铣打捞工艺要求,为类似钻孔事故处理提供借鉴。     

大斜度井管柱割捞一体化作业技术应用

在大斜度井井下作业过程中,通常使用的技术主要是切割、倒扣、打捞、套磨铣等。但由于存在储层认识不足,井眼或井身结构复杂,修井工具选择不匹配或操作不合适等因素,井下故障时有发生。而传统的将切割和打捞工艺分开进行的修井作业,不仅施工周期长、劳动强度大、原材料消耗多,而且作业成本很高。本文综合考虑了大斜度井修井中在地面进行加压、上提或驱动倒扣时,加不上钻压、扭矩不能被充分传递到井下,以及同一井段长时间重复作业,可能导致的损伤套管等问题,提出运用割捞一体化管柱组合和液压倒扣器井下倒扣,在大斜度井中进行井下故障处理的技术,将切割与打捞工艺结合起来,将切割工具和打捞工具连接起来,组合成为一趟管柱,完成切割和打捞的一体化作业。应用结果表明,割捞一体化技术能顺利完成作业,极大地缩短了施工周期,降低了作业成本,并由于工期缩短等,减少了对油气层的伤害。     

木质渔船现存问题及对策

针对目前我国木质渔船的现状,总结其普遍存在的问题,尤其是削弱渔船稳性要求的诸多因素,提出相应的解决办法,并提醒船主的注意,供管理部门及有关单位作借鉴参考。