玻璃钢渔船产业化的发展与推广

本文对国内外玻璃钢渔船的发展进行了分析,并探讨了我国玻璃钢渔船的发展与推广措施。     

可调角度弯钻杆的研制

在处理井下事故特别是藏鱼头事故时,由于鱼头不居中,甚至贴在井径变化较大处,因此很难实施普通打捞。现场普遍采用可弯肘节和折弯钻杆的方式进行寻找落鱼,实施打捞,有可能多次折弯钻杆,造成浪费,甚至造成井下更复杂情况的发生。根据这一情况,设计了可调角度弯钻杆。可调角度弯钻杆由上接头、花键体、调整套、下接头等组成,通过调节调整套和花键体等机构,可实现弯钻杆0°~4°调节。已完成可调角度弯钻杆的样机制造,并在多口井中进行应用。结果表明,采用可调角度弯钻杆可有效实施藏鱼头打捞,井口调节方便,应用取得了成功;单井可节约近30万元。     

低压漏失井捞砂技术研究与应用

针对低压漏失井清砂难、传统冲砂只会将大量的冲砂液灌入地层而无法将井底沉砂清出,开展了低压漏失井捞砂技术研究,对捞砂工艺管柱的管柱结构、工艺原理、关键部件、相关参数进行了优化研究,设计了球阀式砂铲,它能够有效搅起井底沉砂并关闭底阀。现场应用表明,该捞砂工艺可以将井底沉砂清空,具有施工简单、工艺可靠、无伤害、无污染、成本低、效益高的特点。该技术具有很好的应用前景与推广价值。     

陷落柱定向斜井下套管技术

介绍了陷落柱地层施工定向斜井下套管前顺孔难点及事故井管处理方法,以及一种简单易行的顺孔管落井事故打捞工具的制做方法。该打捞工具简单、有效,能快速处理大直径井管落井事故,缩短事故处理时间,减少事故造成的损失;提出了与常规下套管存在的差异及其注意事项。为今后施工类似钻孔积累了宝贵经验。     

套铣管技术在水文钻具事故处理中的应用

在峰峰集团梧桐庄煤矿地面注浆孔施工时,因在扫孔过程中操作不当,使粗径钻铤脱扣跑钻,造成脱扣钻铤被卡事故。事故发生后,虽然对钻铤脱扣事故钻具采取了相应的措施进行处理,但均未成功。后引用了石油专用套铣管技术进行事故的处理,取得了非常理想的效果。介绍了事故处理难点及套铣管处理技术措施。     

基于小生境渔夫捕鱼算法的变电站规划

针对渔夫捕鱼算法容易陷入局部最优的不足,提出了一种共享适应度的小生境策略来提高基本渔夫捕鱼算法的全局寻优能力,并应用于解决配电网络变电站规划。由个体之间相互距离进行聚类组成小生境种群,并在生成的不同小生境种群内运用渔夫捕鱼算法进行寻优,在进行目标函数计境种群内利用共享机制改变个体适应度进一步提高群体全局寻优能力。通过实际算例分析,证明了所提方法能较好地解决变电站选址定容问题。     

渔网防污技术及应用

根据不同的防污机理,渔网防污技术可分为化学防污、物理防污及生物防污等。其中,目前最常用、最有效的渔网防污技术是化学方法中的涂覆防污涂料。本介绍了各类防污技术,描述了现有渔网防污涂料的发展历程、最新研究进展及应用情况,并展望了渔网防污技术的发展趋势。     

Difficulties of fishing at Lake Naivasha,Kenya: is community participation in management the solution?

Unlike other lakes in tropical regions, Lake Naivasha exhibits low fish species diversity. The fishery is based on introduced fish species that are not native to the lake. The lake ecosystem is very fragile, as reflected in its fluctuating fish catches. The fishery almost completely collapsed in 2001, due partly to mismanagement and ignorance about needed conservation measures. The Kenyan government, like many governments around the world, recognized the need to involve fishers and other stakeholders, in order to ensure better management of the lake fisheries resources. Also referred to as collaborative management (co-management), this management approach provides the opportunity to share responsibility for managing the fishery resources between the government and the community. A total ban on fishing was imposed in February 2001, lasting for 1 year, to allow lake fish stocks to recover. This study analyses the co-management process for Lake Naivasha, and discusses the role played by the community during the fishing ban, as well as the successes and challenges encountered, and the tribulations and perceptions of the fishers regarding the new management strategy. It also comprises the first documentation of community participation in fisheries management begun for Lake Naivasha in the year 2001.     

川孝93井固井事故处理措施

简单分析了川孝９３井８８．９ｍｍ钻杆在１７７．８ｍｍ套管中被固住的原因。决定采用套铣打捞方案处理事故,较顺利地打捞出全部被固住的８８．９ｍｍ钻杆,打捞成功率１００％。