固定生物床处理炼油厂含酚污水技术的研究

为减少炼油厂含酚污水的污染 ,从生活污泥中培育出噬酚菌 ,选择多面球作为填料 ,利用新型的固定生物床处理炼油厂含酚污水 ,试验获得良好效果。在炼油厂汽提净化水的COD不大于 5 0 0mg/L ,酚浓度不大于 13 0mg/L的条件下 ,采用这种新型的固定生物床处理工艺 ,污水中酚的去除率不小于 85 % ,COD的去除率不小于 60 % ,出水酚浓度不大于 2 0mg/L ,COD不大于 2 0 0mg/L。这种技术已在某炼油厂进行工业应用试验。     

补给水处理系统工况的分析及计算

锅炉补给水处理系统中双室固定床和混床在调试过程中应注意最佳再生条件的确定,包括再生剂用量、再生剂的浓度、再生流速,此外双室床还应注意白球装填高度的控制.     

并流列管反应器冷却介质的流动与均布

建立了并流列管反应器管外冷却介质流动的计算模型,对不同直径反应器分流室、集流室中流体压力分布、分布板上小孔分布以及环隙孔孔径进行了研究。结果表明:随着反应器直径增大,分流室、集流室中流体压降增大,分布板上环隙孔孔径减小。过小的环隙孔间隙成为反应器加工和装配的瓶颈。增大反应器分流室和集流室高度,对反应器中心进行不布管,可降低反应器分流室和集流室中流体压降,增大分布板上环隙孔间隙。对直径较大的反应器,可同时采用在反应器中心进行不布管以及增大反应器分流室和集流室高度的方法来降低分流室和集流室中流体压降,使分布板上环形孔间隙不致过小。     

Energy Applications of Biomass: Pyrolysis of Apricot Stone

Apricot stone (Prunus armeniaca L.) was pyrolyzed in a directly heated fixed-bed reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. Effects of sweeping gas flow rates and pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis of the biomass were also studied. Pyrolysis runs were performed using reactor temperatures between 400°C and 700°C with heating rate of about 300°C min^?1. As the pyrolysis temperature was increased, the percentage mass of char decreased while gas product increased. The product yields were significantly influenced by the process conditions. The bio-oil obtained at 550°C, at which the liquid product yield was maximum, was analyzed. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In addition, the solid and liquid products were analyzed to determine their elemental composition and calorific value. Chemical fractionation of bio-oil showed that only low quantities of hydrocarbons were present, while oxygenated and polar fractions dominated.     

固定床气体预分流器的优化设计研究

固定床反应器效率高低主要取决于反应区内气体流动均匀程度,入口处气体预分流器的优化设计非常重要。本文以某轴流固定床入口段为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法研究了入口空腔内气体流动情况,对比分析了加设预气体分布器的优势,并对比研究了分流器侧壁面开孔的孔隙率、孔径、开孔位置以及分布器尺寸等对流场气流分布的影响,并在此基础上提出优化建议。     

地沟油制备生物柴油的预精制

以固体酸为催化剂,采用釜式反应与固定床反应相结合的方式,将地沟油预精制成为制备生物柴油的原料油。釜氏反应预酯化条件：反应温度70℃,反应时间8h,催化剂用量5%;再通过固定床反应器进一步酯化,酯化条件：反应温度70℃,油重时空速0．2h^-1,甲醇重时空速0.2～0．3h^-1。     

The influence of the degree of back-mixing on hydrogen production in an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor

This paper reports on results obtained from experiments carried out in an acidogenic anaerobic reactor aiming at the optimization of hydrogen production by altering the degree of back-mixing. It was hypothesized that there is an optimum operating point that maximizes the hydrogen yield. Experiments were performed in a packed-bed bioreactor by covering a broad range of recycle ratios (R) and the optimum point was obtained for an R value of 0.6. In this operating condition the reactor behaved as 8 continuous stirred-tank reactors in series and the maximum yield was 4.22 mol H₂ mol sucrose⁻¹. Such optimum point was estimated by deriving a polynomial function fitted to experimental data and it was obtained as the conjugation of three factors related to the various degrees of back-mixing applied to the reactor: mass transfer from the bulk liquid to the biocatalyst, liquid-to-gas mass transfer and the kinetic behavior of irreversible reactions in series.     

生物法脱除酸性工业气体中硫的研究

以H-2软性填料作为氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferroxidans)的固定化载体,构建了固定床生物反应器。考察了在通气量330 1/h、稀释率0.6 h~(-1)、pH值为2.0、温度30℃的条件下,固定床生物反应器中氧化Fe~(2+)的反应状况。Fe~(2+)的最大氧化反应速率达到7.67g[Fe~(2+)/(1·h)。研究了固定床生物反应器运行过程中载体表面上形成的络合物。X-衍射分析结果表明,此络合物为黄钾铁矾[KFe_3(SO_4)_2(OH)_6]。采用该固定床生物反应器,H_2S脱除率达到99.5％以上,并副产高纯度的硫磺。     

苯与丙烯烷基化固定床反应器气液分布的研究

对苯与丙烯烷基化气液固反应器的分布系统进行了研究。在对工业装置的气液分布系统进行分析后,提出了扩产1 6倍的分布器设计方案;惰性床层液相混合与传质的计算结果表明,液相中丙烯浓度在惰性床层约0 4m处达到平衡,惰性床层中传质速率很快。按照等动量放大法设计的气体分布器,反应器生产能力提高前后的压降不会有大的变化。颗粒大小对摩擦压降变化敏感,而较之摩擦压降,持液静压对总压降的贡献可以忽略。压降的计算结果与工业装置实际值基本一致。     

中东渣油固定床加氢试样胶体稳定性与组分性质关系的研究

采用固定床渣油加氢评价实验装置,在工业催化剂级配方及长周期运行条件下,研究了中东渣油加氢反应过程中试样的胶体稳定性,考察了试样组成、性质和结构变化对体系胶体稳定性的影响。实验结果表明,控制适宜的渣油加氢反应条件有助于体系胶体稳定性的改善和保持;芳香分和胶质的含量越高越有利于体系胶体的稳定,且两者对体系胶体稳定性的作用相当,饱和分含量越高,体系胶体的稳定性越差;沥青质和胶质的平均相对分子质量差异越小,越有利于体系胶体的稳定性;随加氢反应的进行,沥青质芳香环系周边氢取代率增加,芳碳率降低,有利于体系胶体的稳定性。