码头建筑物对水位影响的模型试验及计算方法

 河岸码头建筑物势必导致其上游水位壅高及对码头附近水流流态产生影响。以汉江沙洋河段为对象,通过定床概化物理模型试验研究了码头建筑物对河道水位与流速场的影响。并基于能量平衡原理,采用河道恒定非均匀流水面曲线基本方程,结合物理模型试验资料,计算了码头建筑物附近的水位变化值,并提出了码头建筑物产生的水位壅高值的计算方法。     

H103大孔树脂吸附溶液中苯酚的研究 (Ⅰ)数学模型的建立

本文研究了 H103大孔吸附树脂对苯酚溶液的吸附行为,以公式 C=C_0/A+Be~([(-V+X_e)/W])拟合了穿透曲线,以 Freundlich 和 Langmuir 公式拟合了吸附等温线,并认为以 Freundlich 式更佳。拟合出吸附动力学曲线方程为 A_b=α+bτ+pC,建立了能在微机上连续运行的固定吸附床数学模型。     

Energy Applications of Biomass: Pyrolysis of Apricot Stone

Apricot stone (Prunus armeniaca L.) was pyrolyzed in a directly heated fixed-bed reactor under nitrogen atmosphere. Effects of sweeping gas flow rates and pyrolysis temperature on the pyrolysis of the biomass were also studied. Pyrolysis runs were performed using reactor temperatures between 400°C and 700°C with heating rate of about 300°C min^?1. As the pyrolysis temperature was increased, the percentage mass of char decreased while gas product increased. The product yields were significantly influenced by the process conditions. The bio-oil obtained at 550°C, at which the liquid product yield was maximum, was analyzed. It was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In addition, the solid and liquid products were analyzed to determine their elemental composition and calorific value. Chemical fractionation of bio-oil showed that only low quantities of hydrocarbons were present, while oxygenated and polar fractions dominated.     

补给水处理系统工况的分析及计算

锅炉补给水处理系统中双室固定床和混床在调试过程中应注意最佳再生条件的确定,包括再生剂用量、再生剂的浓度、再生流速,此外双室床还应注意白球装填高度的控制.     

加压固定床粗煤气再转化工艺研究

通过理论分析,综合加压固定床煤气化工艺和烃类转化工艺的技术特点,提出加压固定床粗煤气再转化工艺。加压固定床粗煤气再转化工艺取消了现有加压固定床煤气化工艺中煤气水分离、酚氨回收、废气焚烧、变换工艺洗涤塔、低温甲醇洗工艺萃取系统和石脑油分离系统等装置,降低固定资产投资46.9亿元（现用煤气化工艺化工固定资产投资117.25亿元）;每年减少使用原料煤96.84万～118.18万t,约合1.29亿元（以褐煤120元/t计）;取消使用二异丙基醚0.21万t/a、减少甲醇用量0.96万t/a和质量分数32%的NaOH用量0.36万t/a;取消含尘煤气水和含油煤气水排放量1585.71 t/h（原排放污水1761.9 t/h）;减少废水处理装置土地使用面积17790 m2以上。提高CO2利用率,提高硫回收率。加压固定床粗煤气再转化工艺具有工艺、设备和工程建设投资少,工艺运行成本低,环境保护好等显著特点。     

新型固定床加氢反应器内构件的研究与应用

叙述了抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)开发的固定床加氢内构件,包括内置集垢器、喷嘴式分配器、旋叶式冷氢箱,主要介绍了其结构及工作原理,并且在国内应用的效果.该内构件技术能保证直径3400 mm柴油加氢反应器的径向温差小于2℃.     

基于Chimera网格的固定床反应器内局部流动模拟

采用基于三维Chimera网格的有限体积方法对球形颗粒随机填充的固定床内部小Reynolds数（9～50）下的局部流动进行了数值模拟。为了考察固定床内局部流动特点,本文模拟的固定床反应器的填充颗粒的数目较大,分别为120和500,直径比（固定床内径与填充颗粒直径之比）分别为7和10。由于计算量巨大,采用了基于PVM的分布式并行计算。模拟结果提供了固定床内局部流动的详细流场信息,显示了流动的不均匀性、壁面效应和沟流的存在。为固定床内进一步的流动与传热及反应耦合研究奠定了基础。     

磺化分子筛固定床合成1-萘乙酸甲酯的研究

实验以甲醇与1-萘乙酸先预酯化,再将预酯化液在262-磺化分子筛固定床反应器中高温酯化工艺合成1-萘乙酸甲酯。考察了高温酯化反应的影响因素。最佳高温酯化条件为:预酯化液的酸值(KOH)为60mg/g,甲醇与1-萘乙酸的质量比为0.5,反应温度为95℃,反应物流量为0.9mL/min,总酯化率达99.0%以上。催化剂循环使用11次,表现出优良的催化活性和稳定性。与传统工艺相比无需中和、水洗、萃取等步骤便可得到高纯度的产品。     

神府煤固定床低温热氧化降解研究

在固定床反应器中研究了神府煤不同密度级组分的低温（60~80 ℃）氧化降解过程.研究发现：神府煤的中低密度组分（D2和D3）含有较高的长链烷基侧链,高密度组分（D4）矿物质相对富集,芳香度较高.神府煤及其密度级组分在氧气中的低温氧化降解反应活性有差异,D2密度组分的氧化降解活性最高,而D4组分氧化降解生成的CO2产率最大.腐植酸是煤低温氧化过程中的重要中间产物.随氧化时间的增加,氧化煤样的腐植酸产率增加,相应的溶胀度降低,表明煤大分子氧化降解程度增强.     

Workflow for computational fluid dynamics modeling of fixed-bed reactors packed with metal foam pellets: Hydrodynamics

In recent years, the catalyst pellets made of open-cell metallic foams have been identified as a promising alternative in fixed-bed reactors. A reliable modeling tool is necessary to investigate the suitability of different foam properties and the shapes of foam pellets. In this article, a workflow for a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is presented, which aims to study the flow characteristics in the slender packed beds made of metal foam pellets. The CFD model accounts for the actual random packing structure and the fluid flow throughout the interstitial regions is fully resolved, whereas flow through the porous foam pellets is represented by the closure equations for the porous media model. The bed structure is generated using rigid body dynamics (RBD) and the influence of the catalyst loading method is also considered. The mean bed voidage and the pressure drop predicted by the simulations show good agreement with the experimental data.