Lipase-catalyzed synthesis and properties of estolides and their esters

Eight lipases were screened for their ability to synthesize estolides from a mixture that contained lesquerolic (14-hydroxy-11-eicosenoic) acid and octadecenoic acid. With the exception ofAspergillus niger lipase, all 1,3-specific enzymes (fromRhizopus arrhizus andRhizomucor miehei lipases) were unable to synthesize estolides.Candida rugosa andGeotrichum lipases catalyzed estolide formation at >40% yield, with >80% of the estolide formed being monoestolide from one lesquerolic and one octadecenoic acyl group:Pseudomonas sp. lipase synthesized estolides at 62% yield, but the product mixture contained significant amounts of monoestolide with two lesquerolic acyl groups as well as diestolide. ImmobilizedR. miehei lipase was chosen to catalyze the esterification of mono-and polyestolide, derived synthetically from oleic acid, with fatty alcohols or α,ω-diols. Yields were >95% for fatty alcohol reactions and >60% for diol reactions. In addition, the estolide linkage remained intact through the course of the esterification process. Esterification of estolides improved the estolide’s properties—for example, lower viscosity and higher viscosity index—but slightly raised the melting point. Estolides and, particularly, estolide esters may be suitable as lubricants or lubricant additives.     

CO2/R170混合物作为复叠式制冷系统低温环路制冷剂的性能

针对CO2/R170混合物在复叠式制冷系统低温环路使用的工况，建立了固液平衡和汽液平衡的数学模型，决定了保证混合物在较低温度下不结晶的配比。在一定的配比范围内对混合物进行了循环性能和可燃性分析。研究了混合物配比对循环性能参数和可燃性的影响，以及中间温度在高温环路使用R290、低温环路使用CO2/R170混合物时，复叠式制冷系统整体制冷系数（COP）的变化趋势。研究表明，这种混合物适宜作为复叠式制冷系统低温环路的制冷剂。     

Managing nutrient losses from rural point sources and urban environments

Nutrient loss from rural point sources and urban environments need to be minimised as part of strategies to overcome declining water quality on the Swan Coastal Plain and in the Peel-Harvey estuary in Western Australia. This paper discusses the management of nutrient losses from domestic effluent, urban stormwater runoff, domestic gardens and public open space, intensive animal industries and intensive irrigated agriculture. Measures to minimise nutrient losses from these sources are outlined, using cooperative, technological and regulatory approaches.     

应用WCA微扰理论推算非极性液体比热容的新方法

本文首次将统计热力学的Ｗｅｅｋｓ－Ｃｈａｎｄｌｅｒ－Ａｎｄｅｒｓｏｎ（简称ＷＣＡ）微扰理论应用于非极性液体定容比热容和定压比热容的推算，用一些液体的ｐ－ｖ－Ｔ实验数据拟合了理论中所用ＬＪ势能函数的势能参数，并提出一个通用关联式。本文方法具有通用性，在编制的计算程序中只需输入物质的临界温度、临界比容、偏心因子等就能算出相应的比热容，工程应用十分方便。     

GOR-C降烯烃催化剂的工业应用

大庆炼化公司林源生产指挥部催化裂化装置原料油为典型石蜡基原油的常压渣油，生产的催化汽油中的烯烃含量较高，为此试用长岭炼化公司催化剂厂生产的降烯烃催化剂GOR-C。结果表明，降烯烃效果明显，产品分布无明显变化，能满足现有生产要求，经济效益显著。     

Fabrication and characterization of planar and channel polymer waveguides. III. Compositional distribution and solute loss in polymer thin films

For many microelectronic and optoelectronic applications, polymer thin films require the addition of small molecules. However, the thin‐film geometry and associated processing techniques will influence the final morphology and compositional distribution of the constituents. It is therefore important that these be examined directly rather than inferred from bulk measurements. As an example system, the concentration and distribution of Disperse Red 1 (DR1) molecules in poly(methyl methacrylate) thin films were examined. Ultraviolet visibility spectroscopy and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry indicate that the composition of the molecules decreased dramatically with thermal treatment of the film. The sublimation of the chromophore was observed to occur at temperatures well below the melting point of the small molecule and the glass transition of the pure polymer; this solute loss manifested itself in changes in the glass transition temperature of the film. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2021–2024, 2002     

饲料级磷酸氢钙中钙含量偏高的原因

通过不同温度下的烘干、灼烧实验 ,分析饲料级磷酸氢钙中钙含量偏高的主要原因是产品结晶水含量少 ,仅 0 .3个结晶水。取消中和槽蒸汽加热 ,保持常温反应 ;改闪蒸干燥为气流干燥 ;用氢氧化钙作中和剂 ;使饲钙产品中钙含量由平均约 2 8%降至 2 2 %。     

Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of jute fibers–Novolac–epoxy composite laminates

A study was done of jute composite using a polymer matrix of epoxidized Novolac resin (ENR), diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)–based epoxy, and their blends with different weight percentages of the resins. It was found that on blending ENR with DGEBA, the storage modulii at room temperature are enhanced by about 100% or more in the case of 30 and 40% ENR‐containing matrices, whereas the enhancement in the case of 20 and 12% ENR‐containing matrices is only 50% that of the pure matrix. It was also observed that the tan δ peak heights of the composites containing 30 and 40% ENR are closer to that of 20% ENR‐containing composite. The probable explanation drawn on the basis of experimental findings of DMA and mechanical analysis is that by blending ENR with DGEBA epoxy it is possible to manufacture jute composites with increased stiffness without sacrificing their ductility. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2800–2807, 2002     

气相色谱法低柱温技术在测定环境样品痕量八氟异丁烯中的应用

研究了色谱柱柱温对柱流失、分离效果的影响，采用低柱温技术显著降低了柱流失造成的背景，有利于痕量组分的分析；低柱温技术还明显提高了色谱柱分离效率，有利于在复杂成分样品中低沸点物质的测定。研究了在测定痕量全氟异丁烯中采用ECD检测器与相匹配的色谱柱问题，发现采用交联聚甲基硅氧烷类色谱柱比较适宜。利用本技术测定废水、环境气体中的痕量全氟异丁烯得到了满意的效果。     

锂离子电池正极材料LixMn2O4研究进展

总结了锂离子电池正极材料LixMn2O4的合成方法，归纳了造成容量衰减问题的原因和目前为解决该问题所采用的各种方法，并且对下一步的研究工作进行了展望。