动态滤水实验方法的探讨

对动态滤水实验方法进行了初步的研究,结果表明,①动态滤水实验所用试样浓度以０２％～０３％为宜;②比色法是一种快速、可取的动态滤水实验的滤液浓度的测定方法;③在未使用助留剂的情况下,苇浆试样的“单点法”动态滤水实验的搅拌速度以３００ｒ／ｍｉｎ为佳;木浆试样以５００ｒ／ｍｉｎ为佳;④当考察造纸化学助剂的助留效果时,苇浆试样的“单点法”动态滤水实验的搅拌速度以３００～６００ｒ／ｍｉｎ为佳;木浆试样的搅拌速度可在５００～１０００ｒ／ｍｉｎ的范围内选择。     

泡沫铝/改性环氧树脂复合材料压缩力学性能的试验研究

为实现功能结构一体化,提高泡沫铝复合材料的力学性能和吸能性能,制备硅橡胶改性环氧树脂的高分子材料填充泡沫铝的复合材料。静态压缩试验表明,填充改性环氧树脂的泡沫铝的平台屈服阶段明显抬升,改善泡沫铝的力学性能,提高泡沫铝的吸能能力。     

根据Mie氏理论对单个泡沫球的体积消光性能的研究

;为寻求光学多波段干扰的有效途径,研究了泡沫这种新型环保长效的宽波段干扰介质.采用Mie氏理论,计算分析了在不同泡沫溶液复折射率情况下,在军事上两种常用激光波长(1.06μm、10.60μm)处和红外波段(3μm～5μm、8μm～14μm)以及可见光波段(0.38μm～0.76μm)内单个泡沫球的体积消光性能与泡沫球尺寸和壁厚的关系.计算分析结果表明,在不同的波长处或波段内,具有不同泡沫溶液复折射率的最优泡沫球体积消光系数所对应的泡沫球尺寸及壁厚是不同的.     

Ultra‐Broadband Wide‐Angle Terahertz Absorption Properties of 3D Graphene Foam

As a next generation of detection technology, terahertz technology is very promising. In this work, a highly efficient terahertz wave absorber based on 3D graphene foam (3DG) is first reported. Excellent terahertz absorption property at frequency ranging from 0.1 to 1.2 THz is obtained owing to faint surface reflection and enormous internal absorption. By precise control of the constant properties for 3DG, the reflection loss (RL) value of 19 dB is acquired and the qualified frequency bandwidth (with RL value over 10 dB) covers 95% of the entire measured bandwidth at normal incidence, which far surpasses most reported materials. More importantly, the terahertz absorption performance of 3DG enhances obviously with increasing the incidence while majority of materials become invalid at oblique incidence, instead. At the incidence of 45°, the maximum RL value increases 50% from 19 to 28.6 dB and the qualified frequency bandwidth covers 100% of the measured bandwidth. After considering all core indicators involving density, qualified bandwidth, and RL values, the specific average terahertz absorption (SATA) property is investigated. The SATA value of 3DG is over 3000 times higher than those of other materials in open literatures.     

Graphene-Based Ultralight Compartmentalized Isotropic Foams with an Extremely Low Thermal Conductivity of 5.75 mW m−1 K−1

The importance of high-performance thermal insulation materials is rapidly emerging due to energy conservation and the management of temperature-sensitive device perspectives. Recent thermal insulation materials including complex structures have been developed either by reducing the structural connectivity to mitigate thermal transport through solid conduction or forming directionally aligned confined inner pores to suppress the internal gas convection. In this study, to create a highly efficient thermal insulating material that suppresses thermal transport in all directions, graphene-based anisotropic closed-cellular structures (CCS) are devised with a highly ordered assembly of hollow compartments with extremely thin walls (≈50 nm). This uniquely designed CCS made from microfluidically synthesized graphene solid bubbles exhibited a remarkably low thermal conductivity of 5.75 mW m⁻¹ K⁻¹ thanks to effective suppression of both solid conduction and gas conduction/convection. Therefore, the proposed strategy in this work offers a novel toolkit for implementing next-generation high-performance insulation materials.     

Prestoring Lithium into Stable 3D Nickel Foam Host as Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anode

Lithium metal is considered a “Holy Grail” of anode materials for high‐energy‐density batteries. However, both dendritic lithium deposition and infinity dimension change during long‐term cycling have extremely restricted its practical applications for energy storage devices. Here, a thermal infusion strategy for prestoring lithium into a stable nickel foam host is demonstrated and a composite anode is achieved. In comparison with the bare lithium, the composite anode exhibits stable voltage profiles (200 mV at 5.0 mA cm^?2) with a small hysteresis beyond 100 cycles in carbonate‐based electrolyte, as well as high rate capability, significantly reduced interfacial resistance, and small polarization in a full‐cell battery with Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ or LiFePO₄ as counter electrode. More importantly, in addition to the fact that lithium is successfully confined in the metallic nickel foam host, uniform lithium plating/stripping is achieved with a low dimension change (merely ≈3.1%) and effective inhibition of dendrite formation. The mechanism for uniform lithium stripping/plating behavior is explained based on a surface energy model.     

Constraining Si Particles within Graphene Foam Monolith: Interfacial Modification for High‐Performance Li+ Storage and Flexible Integrated Configuration

Pulverization of electrode materials and loss of electrical contact have been identified as the major causes for the performance deterioration of alloy anodes in Li‐ion batteries. This study presents the hierarchical arrangement of spatially confining silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) within graphene foam (GF) for alleviating these issues. Through a freeze‐drying method, the highly oriented GF monolith is engineered to fully encapsulate the Si NPs, serving not only as a robust framework with the well‐accessible thoroughfares for electrolyte percolation but also a physical blocking layer to restrain Si from direct exposure to the electrolyte. In return, the pillar effect of Si NPs prevents the graphene sheets from restacking while preserving the highly efficient electron/Li⁺ transport channels. When evaluated as a binder‐free anode, impressive cycle performance is realized in both half‐cell and full‐cell configurations. Operando X‐ray diffraction and in‐house X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm the pivotal protection of GF to sheathe the most volume‐expanded lithiated phase (Li₁₅Si₄) at room temperature. Furthermore, a free‐standing composite film is developed through readjusting the pore size in GF/Si monolith and directly integrated with nanocellulose membrane (NCM) separator. Because of the good electrical conductivity and structural integrity of the GF monolith as well as the flexibility of the NCM separator, the as‐developed GF/Si‐NCM electrode showcases the potential use in the flexible electronic devices.     

泡沫对激光制导武器系统干扰效能分析

泡沫作为一种新兴的光电无源干扰手段,对激光制导武器干扰作用明显。首先对泡沫干扰进行了介绍,然后对激光制导武器系统的组成、制导原理进行了描述,探讨了利用泡沫干扰激光制导武器系统的可行性。并根据泡沫干扰及激光制导武器系统探测目标的要求,分别计算了激光制导武器系统的遮蔽面密度和泡沫两点间面密度,通过两种面密度的比较,对泡沫的干扰效能进行了分析。本文的研究结论对泡沫干扰效能评估及泡沫干扰战术的优化具有重要的意义。     

陶瓷脱水元件及其在长网纸机上的应用

本文着重探讨当今世界流行的几种陶瓷脱水元件及其常用的结构,并以实际例子说明它在长网纸机上的应用情况以及取得的经济效益。