Shape memory polyester-based nanomaterials: cutting-edge advancements

ABSTRACT

Shape memory polymers have gained immense importance across technical industries ranging from aerospace and electronics to biomedical fields. This article presents state-of-the-art overview of versatile shape memory polyesters and derived nanocomposites. Shape memory polyesters such as polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, polycarbonate, and polyester blends have been identified. Shape memory polyesters have also been reinforced with nanoreinforcements including fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotube, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). Consequently, different groups of stimuli-responsive polyester nanocomposites have been discussed such as polyester/graphene, polyester/carbon nanotube, polyester/fullerene, and polyester/POSS. Future development of shape memory polyesters may reveal superior electrical, mechanical, and thermal performance for technical applications.     

C60和C70对聚苯乙烯耐紫外老化性能的影响

采用熔融共混法制得富勒烯C60和C70含量分别为1%,3%,5%(质量分数)的聚苯乙烯/C60和聚苯乙烯/C70复合膜,对其进行抗紫外光加速老化性能研究。采用乌氏粘度计、红外光谱仪和差热(DTA)仪分别对样品的特性粘度、分子链段结构和分解温度进行测定和表征。研究表明,C60和C70含量为5%的聚苯乙烯/C60和聚苯乙烯/C70复合膜经过紫外老化处理后,其特性粘度、分子链结构、热分解温度变化不大。因此,适当配比的C60和C70能够增强聚苯乙烯材料的耐紫外老化作用。并结合荧光光谱结果对C60和C70改善聚苯乙烯耐老化性能的作用机理进行初步探讨。     

Grafting of poly(ethylene oxide) onto C60 fullerene using macroazo initiators

In order to improve the solubility of C₆₀ fullerene in conventional solvents, grafting of hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) by utilizing the radical-trapping nature of C₆₀ fullerene was investigated. Macroazo initiators containing a poly(ethylene oxide) unit, known as Azo-PEO, were prepared at various molecular weights by the reaction of 4,4′-azobis(4-cyanopentanoyl chloride) with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether. PEO radicals formed by thermal decomposition of Azo-PEO were successfully trapped by C₆₀ fullerene to give PEO-grafted C₆₀ fullerene. Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, UV-vis spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. When Azo-PEO with low-molecular weight was reacted with C₆₀ fullerene, a bis-adduct, C₆₀-(PEO)₂, and a tetrakis-adduct, C₆₀-(PEO)₄, were formed. In contrast, in reactions with Azo-PEO of higher molecular weight, only the bis-adduct was formed, and no formation of the tetrakis-adduct was observed. The structure of bis-adduct was found to be 1,4-type. The solubility of C₆₀ fullerene in water, THF, methanol, and other conventional organic solvents was remarkably improved by grafting of PEO. In addition, the thermal stability of PEO was dramatically increased by grafting onto C₆₀ fullerene.     

功能化富勒烯有机发光材料的研究进展

综述了最近几年来。功能化富勒烯有机小分子、共轭高分子和金属配合物发光材料的国内外研究状况及应用。重点讨论了功能化富勒烯有机分子发光材料的发光性能。     

Noble Metal Nanocrystal‐Incorporated Fullerene‐Like Polyoxometalate Based Microspheres

Monodisperse fullerene‐like polyoxometalate‐based microspheres are synthesized using a single‐phase approach which is quick, easier to control surfactant to polyoxometalate (POM) molar ratios and result in better control over the size‐distribution range. Noble‐metal nanocrystals are successfully incorporated in the surfactant encapsulated complex multilayered spherical assemblies without any change in their layered morphology. Combining the merits of fullerene‐like POMs and monodisperse noble metal nanocrystals, these monodisperse hybrid spheres show interesting composition‐ and size‐dependent photochemical properties.     

Ring-opening Metathesis Co-polymerization of a C60-cyclopentadiene Cycloadduct and Norbornene with the Grubbs Second-generation Catalyst

A series of C₆₀-containing polymers were synthesized by the co-polymerization of a C₆₀-cyclopentadiene cycloadduct and norbornene in varying ratios. The polymerization was facilitated by a catalytic amount of Grubbs second generation catalyst and the co-polymers formed were investigated by spectroscopic and thermal techniques.     

Electronic structure and electrical transport characteristics of C60, 2C60 and 4C60 fullerene molecules

The extended Hückel method and the Green’s function method were used to calculate the electronic structure and electrical transport of Au electrode-C₆₀, 2C₆₀ or 4C₆₀ fullerene-Au electrode systems. Furthermore, their electronic structure and electrical transport characteristics were compared and analyzed. The results show that (i) owing to the contact with the Au electrodes, the C₆₀, 2C₆₀ and 4C₆₀ molecules change in their electronic structures significantly, and their energy gaps between LUMO and HOMO are narrow; (ii) the bonding between C₆₀, 2C₆₀ or 4C₆₀ fullerene and Au electrodes is partially covalent and partially electrovalent; and (iii) the conductance of the three fullerenes conforms to the order of C₆₀ > 2C₆₀ > 4C₆₀. Translated from Journal of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006, 24(1): 53–56 [译自: 材料科学与工程学报]     

纳米碳洋葱的研究进展

纳米碳洋葱是一种以C60为核心的同心多层球面套叠结构的碳分子。从结构形貌、制备方法等角度讨论纳米碳洋葱和纳米石墨微粒的区别。着重对纳米碳洋葱的形成进行分析和比较,认为纳米石墨微粒可能是先形成一定数量的壳层然后分别沿壳层向外和向内推进长大,石墨化程度具有方向性;而纳米碳洋葱是先形成C60,然后以螺旋机制生长。最后从能量角度讨论纳米碳洋葱的稳定性,并对其修饰改性、化合物嵌插以及性能方面的研究进行评述。     

About the iron carbonyl complex with C60 and C70 fullerene: [Fe(CO)4(η2C60)] and [Fe(CO)4(η2C70)]

The iron carbonyl complexes with C₆₀ and C₇₀ fullerenes were synthesized in high yield by photochemical irradiation of solutions of C₆₀ and C₇₀ in presence of Fe(CO)₅. The resulting complexes were studied by FT-IR, Raman and electronic absorption spectroscopy. All the data are consistent with the structures [Fe(CO)₄(η²C₆₀)] and [Fe(CO)₄(η²C₇₀)]. The thermal stability and decomposition reaction of the two complexes were studied by TGA-FTIR and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Both complexes decompose at moderate temperatures releasing CO and Fe(CO)₅ in the vapor phase leaving a residue of metallic iron and free C₆₀ or C₇₀ fullerenes that can be recovered by solvent extraction of the decomposition residue.     

煤基富勒烯电子性质和非线性光学性质的密度泛函理论研究

使用基于密度泛函理论的量子化学计算方法对煤基富勒烯进行了研究。重点关注由氮和硅掺杂C₆₀形成的杂化富勒烯结构。计算了这些杂化富勒烯的几何结构、稳定性、电子结构、介电常数和非线性光学性质并与未掺杂富勒烯相比较。研究发现,氮掺杂富勒烯失电子能力增强而硅掺杂富勒烯得电子能力增强。此外,根据计算结果可知掺杂可使富勒烯介电常数增大。对煤基富勒烯的非线性光学性质进行了探讨,发现氮掺杂富勒烯和硅掺杂富勒烯均具有比未掺杂富勒烯明显大的三阶非线性光学系数。