基于重力坝三维设计的CAD动态交互系统开发

为了在可研阶段合理、快速地制定重力坝设计方案,减少设计周期和成本,采用极限状态设计的方法,利用VB 6.0可视化编程工具开发出了一套能够与CAD动态交互的重力坝三维设计系统。该系统通过对Auto-CAD的二次开发实现了重力坝的三维参数化建模,并对所建三维模型进行结构计算,将设计与计算紧密结合,通过动态交互简化了大量复杂数据的计算,达到精确、快速完成断面设计的目的。经实践检验证明,该系统大大提高了断面设计效率,实用性强,对可研阶段的方案比选具有重大意义。     

A description of phase inversion behaviour in agitated liquid-liquid dispersions under the influence of the Marangoni effect

The influence of the Marangoni effect on phase inversion behaviour is examined by integrating a microscopic study of the drop coalescence process, in which thin film drainage in the presence of insoluble surfactant occurs, into a macroscopic phase inversion model which has been developed previously using a Monte Carlo technique. This is achieved via an immobility factor, obtained from a comparison of the film drainage times for surfactant-laden systems and surfactant-free systems as a function of the drop approach velocity, surface Péclet number, initial surfactant concentration and the Hamaker constant, which is then used to modify the coalescence probability in the phase inversion model. On the one hand, the results indicate that the Marangoni effect removes any influence that the viscosity ratio has on phase inversion due to immobilisation of the interface, thus shielding the flow in the film from the effects of the flow in the dispersed phase; the point at which phase inversion occurs therefore tends towards equivolume holdups with the addition of surfactant. On the other hand, when comparisons are made with pure systems in which surfactant is absent, the system is seen to be either stabilised or de-stabilised from inversion depending on the viscosity ratio of the system. This is attributed to the influence of surfactant on the dispersion morphologies on either side of the inversion (i.e. water-in-oil dispersions and oil-in-water dispersions) and depends on the dispersed phase holdup; the Marangoni effect is felt stronger when the dispersed phase holdup is low.     

Phase inversion and its effect on the properties of polyester polyurethane cationomers

Polyester polyurethane cationomers are prepared using polyester polyol of molecular weight 2000 as soft segments, N-methyl diethanolamine as chain extender, glycolic acid as quaternization agent, methyl ethyl ketone as solvent, and 4,4'-diphenylenemethylene diisocyanate (MDI) as diisocyanate. Properties of the films cast from solutions and emulsions are studied by infrared spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile-elongation testing. Ionization can cause phase separation and produces increased cohesion in the hard domains. The dispersion process can be divided into three stages involving a separation of hard segment aggregates due to adsorption of water on their surface, water entering into hard segment microionic lattics, and finally a rearrangement of agglomerates to form microspheres. The dispersion can disrupt the order in the hard domains and an increased phase separation.     

基于正交试验设计的岩坡力学参数反演

对某岩坡Ⅲ区现场勘察后认为,该区为断层破碎带,属碎裂结构,岩体分级为Ⅳ级.由于地质情况复杂、岩体破碎以及边坡开挖引起的应力释放等原因,致使边坡岩体加固的力学参数用常规方法较难确定.运用正交试验设计的方法借助有限差分程序FLAC进行分析,以安全系数作为评价指标,模拟各参数不同水平的各种组合,对影响边坡稳定性的各因素进行了敏感性分析,并对边坡力学参数进行了反演,得出较为合理的力学参数,为边坡治理提供依据.     

攻击时间控制的动态逆三维制导律

为使导弹按照指定的攻击时间攻击目标,在俯仰通道采用增广比例导引,而在偏航通道采用机动控制,该机动控制的作用为调整导弹的攻击时间使其趋于标称值.用剩余时间误差来表示当前剩余时间和标称剩余时间的差值,这里的当前剩余时间按照当前时刻弹目距离与速度的比值来计算.由弹目相对运动关系可知,偏航通道的控制量通过前置角间接控制当前时刻的弹目距离,因此,该控制量通过前置角间接控制剩余时间误差.对此控制系统,采用时标分离的方法设计了期望的慢子系统和快子系统,对这两个子系统分别进行动态逆控制设计,得到了导弹偏航通道的机动控制指令.仿真结果表明,这种制导方法最终使剩余时间误差趋于0,实现了导弹的攻击时间控制,并在导引后期能够获得直线弹道.     

实行(列)对称矩阵的QR分解

提出了行(列)倒置矩阵与行(列)对称矩阵的概念,研究了它们的性质,获得了一些新的结果,给出了实行(列)对称矩阵的QR分解的公式,它们可极大地减少行(列)对称矩阵的QR分解的计算量与存储量,而且不会降低数值精度.     

An evaluation of deep thin coal seams and water-beating/resisting layers in the quaternary system using seismic inversion

Non-liner wave equation inversion, wavelet analysis and artificial neural networks were used to obtain stratum parame-ters and the distribution of thin coal seams. The lithology of the water-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system was also predicted. The implementation process included calculating the well log parameters, stratum contrasting the seismic data and the well logs, and extracting, studying and predicting seismic attributes. Seismic inversion parameters, including the layer velocity and wave impedance, were calculated and effectively used for prediction and analysis. Prior knowledge and seismic interpretation were used to remedy a dearth of seismic data during the inversion procedure. This enhanced the stability of the inversion method. Non-linear seismic inversion and artificial neural networks were used to interpret coal seismic lithology and to study the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system. Interpretation of the 1-2 m thin coal seams, and also of the wa-ter-bearing/resisting layer in the Quaternary system, is provided. The upper mining limit can be lifted from 60 m to 45 m. The pre-dictions show that this method can provide reliable data useful for thin coal seam exploitation and for lifting the upper mining limit, which is one of the principles of green mining.     

基于CSY型传感器的悬臂力学试验确定材料弹性模量的方法

对在CSY型传感器综合实验仪上拓展悬臂梁力学实验进行了研究,研究了在该实验仪上实现材料弹性模量的测定.通过材料力学的理论推导出悬臂梁弹性模量与其受力和挠度比值的关系,通过应变式传感器的实验确定出悬臂梁受力与其挠度的比值关系,进一步可推导出悬臂梁材料的弹性模量,并验证了该方法的可行性及有效性.该方法集合了电阻应变效应、全桥差动电路等传感器电测技术以及材料弹性力学、悬臂梁结构力学的基础知识,具有综合应用性.同时,对高校实验室如何有效利用设备资源、开发拓展型实验有一定的示范作用.     

重力坝深层抗滑稳定极限状态函数的适用性

建立重力坝坝基深层抗滑稳定极限状态函数是进行可靠度研究的第一步,对已有4种极限状态函数进行比较研究,探讨其合理性.研究结果表明:根据剩余推力法、被动抗力法及等K法表达式建立的极限状态函数计算得到的可靠指标是一致的,3种极限状态函数可统一表达为安全系数极限状态函数,而以上、下游块等可靠指标为约束条件的等β法高估了双滑块模型的失效概率,以此来评价坝基深层抗滑稳定的安全度并不合理.     

Zipf定律在划定经济区域内的实证研究——以长江三角洲经济区为例

国外关于Zipf定律的实证研究的区域空间多采用国家层次,而国内关于Zipf定律的实证研究则涉及国家、跨省的经济区及行政省的不同层次,于是这就有可能存在经济区域空间划定是否合理的问题。现以长江三角洲地区为例,通过修正的引力模型计算城市之间的经济联系强度及潜能,以此进行长江三角洲经济区域的空间划定,并在划定的经济区域内进行Zipf定律的实证研究,以验证经济区域空间划定是否合理。研究结果显示了经济区域空间划定的合理性。