On the calibration of cohesive parameters for refractories from notch opening displacements in wedge splitting tests

Cohesive elements are commonly used to describe crack propagation in heterogeneous materials with toughening mechanisms. This work aims to provide a guideline on how these fracture parameters can be calibrated using notch opening displacements (NODs) measured via digital image correlation and force data from wedge splitting tests (WSTs). Weighted finite element model updating was applied to calibrate material and boundary condition parameters in the same framework. The influence of each parameter on force and NOD data are given together with uncertainties for the calibrated parameters. Numerical results were in very good agreement in terms of splitting force, NOD, displacement and gray level residual fields. It is shown that images obtained during WSTs focusing on the crack path (i.e., hiding the loading region) can be used to drive numerical simulations and obtain cohesive parameters.     

2091Al－Li合金晶界无析出带的形成及其对应力腐蚀的影响

用慢应变速率拉伸试验研究不同冷却介质淬火并时效的２０９１合金的应力腐蚀敏感性．用透射电镜观察合金的微观组织．结果表明，晶界无析出带（ＰＦＺ）随淬火速度的提高而变窄；而时效过程中，随着晶界沉淀相的形核和长大，ＰＦＺ逐渐宽化．这说明，时效初期，ＰＦＺ是由空位贫化机制形成的；而伴随时效过程的进行，ＰＦＺ又以溶质贫化机制产生宽化．ＰＦＺ宽度越大，合金应力腐蚀敏感性越大．     

A study on HAZ’s microstructure and grain size of 10CrNi3MoV steel

0　Introduction10CrNi3MoVsteelisakindofquenchedandtemperedsteelwith 5 90MPahighyieldstrength .Duetoitsexcellentweldabilityandimpacttoughness,10CrNi3MoVsteeliswide lyusedinmainpartofshipstructure .However,itswellpropertiesareachievedinvirtueofcontrollingweldingparam eterstrictly .Atthesametime ,owingtoitscoldcrackingsusceptibility ,10CrNi3MoVsteelneedspreheatingweld .Meanwhile,structureandpropertiesofsteelwillbechangedundertheconditionofweldingthermalcycle .Forexample,twinedmartensitehasb…     

Ni9钢焊接热影响区低温韧性的研究

采用焊接热模拟技术、-196℃示波冲击试验、金相显微分析、透射电镜分析技术考察了Ni9钢焊接热影响区粗晶区（CGHAZ）的低温韧性及其与焊接热循环的关系。结果表明，焊接热循环次数以及二次焊接热循环的峰值温度是影响其CGHAZ低温韧性的主要工艺因素；二次热循环在适当的峰值温度作用下促使钢原焊接粗晶区组织分解，并在晶界位置获得部分富Ni回转奥氏体，是原焊接粗晶区低温韧性得以改善和提高的组织成因。     

钢管斜轧延伸螺旋轧制变形区工具运动速度场的研讨

建立了工具运动速度模型；开发成功了钢管斜轧延伸变形区中工具运动速度场计算机模拟软件；揭示了螺旋轧制变形区中速度分布规律。     

Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B合金涂层及铝青铜基体熔合区组织的研究

采用钨极氩弧焊方法在铝青铜基体上施焊了Ni—Cr-Fe-Si—B合金涂层，并运用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析了喷涂层、熔合区及热影响区的组织形貌和成分分布。结果表明，喷焊时，在涂层与基体界面两侧各组元均发生了明显的扩散，Cu、Ni组元间可相互取代，基体融合区组织的基本组成仍为α (α γ2)，但同时也形成了Cu2FeAl7、NiAl3等新相，且融合区组织细小，涂层与基体间为冶金态结合。     

足球机器人守门员防守策略研究

分析了足球机器人比赛中防守特点,提出了一种根据区域划分的防守策略算法。分析了可能遇到的几种情况,针对不同的现场局面形式,给出不同的防守策略。     

A modified dynamic surface approach for control of nonlinear systems with unknown input dead zone

This paper focuses on the robust output precise tracking control problem of uncertain nonlinear systems in pure‐feedback form with unknown input dead zone. By designing an extended state observer, the states unmeasurable problem in traditional feedback control is solved, and the lumped uncertainty, which is caused by system unknown functions and input dead zone, is estimated. In order to apply separation principle, finite‐time extended state observer is designed to obtain system states and estimate the lumped uncertainty. Then, by introducing tracking differentiator, a modified dynamic surface control approach is developed to eliminate the ‘explosion of complexity’ problem and guarantee the tracking performance of system output. Because tracking differentiator is a fast precise signal filter, the closed‐loop control performance is significantly improved when it is used in dynamic surface control instead of first‐order filters. The L _∞ stability of the whole closed‐loop system, which guarantees both the transient and steady‐state performance, is shown by the Lyapunov method and initialization technique. Numerical and experiment examples are performed to illustrate our proposed control scheme with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

抓住机遇迎接挑战 为保护美丽长江再谱新篇

当前长江流域水资源保护面临难得的机遇,如何推进长江水生态文明建设,打造水清地绿天蓝的生态廊道是长江水资源保护工作的重大课题。通过对长江水资源保护问题的梳理,规划了今后一段时期的总体构想,从规划体系、水功能区监管、水生态保护、应急管理和监测监控等5个方面探讨了下一步的工作重点;提出了长江干流、主要支流、三峡、丹江口和长江口以及重点湖泊的保护措施;通过健全法规体系、创新管理机制、强化能力建设等,以逐步提升长江水资源保护能力、健全长江水资源保护管理体系,为保护美丽长江再谱新篇。     

三峡库区宝塔坪滑坡形成机制研究

宝塔坪滑坡是三峡库区现有成因复杂的巨型老滑坡之一,长期以来,工程界对其形成机制一直有着不同的认识。通过详细的现场调查和对勘察资料的深入分析,基于滑坡形态和结构特征,进一步探讨了宝塔坪滑坡的形成机制和演化过程。研究发现：滑坡发育受控于巴东组三段泥灰岩内部及其与二段泥岩之间的层间错动带、坡体后部卸荷裂隙带和长江下切提供的高陡临空面。根据巴东组四段紫红色泥岩在滑坡区不同高程的分布和滑坡结构分析,滑坡形成及演化具有典型“多期活动,逐级牵引”模式。该滑坡共分3期活动历史,地质力学模式均为“临空面形成-卸荷裂隙带发育-泥化的层间错动带塑流沉陷-蠕滑拉裂-滑面贯通”。每期活动牵引后部坡体变形,进而重复前一期的变形破坏过程。