焦化汽油加氢精制过程中存在的问题与对策

中国石油化工股份有限公司广州分公司焦化汽油加氢精制装置因原料油中硅含量较高、水含量波动大,造成催化剂活性快速下降;此外焦化汽油储存时间过长、二烯烃含量高造成反应器床层压力降快速上升。通过对原料油至反应系统的设备、管线进行清洗和爆破吹扫、焦化装置向加氢精制装置直接供料、提高换热器壳程物料流速等措施,反应器床层压力降的上升速率明显变缓,装置最长连续运行23个月。     

重油加氢处理与催化裂化新型炼厂骨干组合工艺应用分析

介绍了渣油加氢处理与催化裂化组合工艺的工业运转情况,表明以RDS-RFCC组合工艺为核心的加工路线具有流程短、加工深度高、运行周期长等优点,在轻质油收率、综合商品率、产品质量、环境保护和经济效益等方面具有明显的优势;但同时存在对原料的适应性差、RDS催化剂级配问题等局限性。提出了降低RDS装置空速、改造RDS分配器、优化催化剂级配及装填技术和RFCC再生器取热能力扩容改造等完善措施。     

苯加氢精制水包界位测量系统的改进

在粗苯加氢生产中,回收塔回流罐中油水界面的准确测量对于生产有着重要的作用。改进前油罐油水界面测量装置误差较大,该文提出差压变送器测量方法来提高油水界面的测量精度的方法,改进效果良好,为连续生产及节能降耗提供了可靠依据。     

MIP催化裂化柴油与渣油联合加氢工艺研究

以长岭渣油作为原料油,在不同操作条件下,研究了中国石化石家庄炼化分公司MIP催化裂化重柴油的掺入对渣油加氢的影响。结果表明,MIP催化裂化重柴油的掺入使得脱硫率和脱(Ni+V)率均有提高,脱硫率最高提高了2.36百分点,脱(Ni+V)率最高提高了3.14百分点。收集渣油加氢生成油进行催化裂化试验,结果表明,按循环操作计算,MIP催化裂化汽油收率可增加8.69百分点。     

仪长渣油加氢处理反应规律的研究 I.仪长渣油性质特点及加氢反应特性

以仪长管输原油渣油（简称仪长渣油）为原料、以沙特阿拉伯轻质原油渣油（简称沙轻渣油）作为对比油,采用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱仪及核磁共振波谱仪对两类渣油的烃类组成及结构参数进行表征,对比考察两种渣油的加氢处理反应性能。结果表明,与沙轻渣油相比,仪长渣油具有硫含量低、氮含量高、胶质含量高、芳香分含量低、大量分子都含有氮原子、分子较大、支化程度高等特点,在相同的催化剂体系和工艺条件下,仪长渣油的残炭降低率显著低于沙轻渣油。     

Effect of vacuum gas oil hydrotreating reactor on multiple reactors and hydrogen network

The inlet temperature of the Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) hydrotreating reactor of a refinery is analyzed with the integration of multiple series reactors and hydrogen network considered. The effect of the inlet temperature (T₁) on hydrogen sinks/sources and the product output is analyzed systematically based on the simulation of the series reactors, including VGO hydrotreating reactor, hydrocracking reactor, fluid catalytic cracking reactor and visbreaking reactor. The general relation between the Hydrogen Utility Adjustment (HUA) and multiple pairs of varying sinks and sources is deduced, and correlations between varying streams and T₁ are linearly fitted. Based on this, the quantitative equation between HUA and T₁ is derived, and corresponding diagram is constructed. The T₁ corresponding the minimum hydrogen consumption is identified to be 345℃.     

沥青质在渣油加氢催化剂中的扩散行为

以甲苯为溶剂,在自制的扩散实验装置中,研究了不同初始质量分数下沥青质在渣油加氢催化剂中的扩散行为。结果表明:当沥青质初始质量分数由0.002%增加到0.030%时,随着前者的增加,沥青质聚集体的体积、单元体积分数和动力学直径增加,平移扩散系数减小,聚集效应明显,阻碍了沥青质在催化剂微孔中的扩散,有效扩散系数降低。另外,随着初始质量分数增加,沥青质聚集体的Langmuir动力学系数及其在催化剂中的饱和浓度增加,即聚集效应增强了沥青质的吸附能力。聚集效应对扩散和吸附的影响具有互补性,使扩散系数随沥青质初始质量分数增加的变化幅度减小。     

高压氢气汽提在全加氢型润滑油生产流程中的应用研究

全加氢型润滑油装置通常由加氢处理、加氢脱蜡、补充精制3部分组成。由于加氢脱蜡、补充精制多采用贵金属催化剂,为防止贵金属催化剂中毒,对循环氢及反应进料中的硫、氮含量要求高。因此在流程设置上,多数情况下将加氢脱蜡、补充精制作为一段串联布置在加氢处理单元的下游。常规全加氢型润滑油装置需要两套独立的高压反应系统及相关高压设备,即采用两段技术,流程相对较长,且设备较多。通过在全加氢型润滑油生产装置中引入高压氢气汽提技术,将传统的一段加氢处理和二段加氢脱蜡-补充精制两个反应系统整合为一段串联系统,既能缩短原有的加工流程、减少装置占地,又能节省装置投资8%左右,同时使全装置能耗减少12%左右。     

工业装置渣油加氢失活催化剂上的金属赋存状态研究

以工业固定床渣油加氢失活催化剂（失活剂）为研究对象,依次采用正庚烷、甲苯对其进行索氏抽提,通过对失活催化剂上金属含量、形态及分布进行分析表征,发现金属沉积量沿着物流方向呈现降低趋势。通过Raman光谱、XPS分析表征发现,渣油加氢失活剂表面沥青质类物质含量很低。渣油加氢处理催化剂的活性相主要有3种：MoS2相、NiMoS相或CoMoS相。沉积的焦炭和金属使得催化剂暴露在外表面的活性相数量非常少。     

Sulphidation of an oxidic CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst under practical conditions: different kinds of sulphur species

The sulphidation of a CoMo/Al₂O₃ hydrotreating catalyst was studied under pressure and flow conditions close to industrial practice. The sulphiding mixture contained equal amounts of H₂S and CH₄ diluted in hydrogen under 3.9 MPa total pressure. The oxidic precursor was flushed by the reagent gas at 40°C for 10 h, then the temperature was raised to 400°C within 2 h. Mass variation was continuously recorded by means of a suspension magnetic balance, and the gas phase was analysed by mass spectrometry. Sulphur contents were also determined at intermediate temperatures by chemical analyses. Thus, mass variations due to the presence of adsorbed species or to the formation of CoMo sulphides could be distinguished. The rapid gain in mass noted at 40°C was mostly due to adsorption of H₂S over the oxidic solid, since it increased with H₂S partial pressure. At this stage, however, a small amount of the reactive oxygen was already exchanged for sulphur. Upon raising the temperature, the mass decreased due to a combination of desorption and sulphiding steps. Above 140°C, H₂S consumption was evidenced, together with water production, and the rate of sulphiding increased with the H₂S partial pressure. At 300°C, the mass variation was close to that expected for complete transformation into Co₉S₈ and MoS₂. Above 350°C, the mass further increased due to the replacement of adsorbed water by H₂S. At 400°C, an important excess mass was observed at all H₂S partial pressures. Thus, the adsorption sites on the metal sulphides are essentially saturated by H₂S species under practical conditions.