破乳菌B_3菌株分批发酵动力学分析

以从采油废水中筛选到的一株高效生物破乳菌株B3为试验菌株,为认识其发酵机理并指导发酵工艺设计,利用分批发酵的方法研究破乳菌株B3菌体生长和葡萄糖消耗情况.根据分批发酵实验结果,采用Logistic方程和Lu-edeking-Piret方程,建立破乳菌株B3的菌体生长和葡萄糖消耗动力学模型,利用拟线性法求得破乳菌分批发酵的动力学模型参数.模型计算值与实验值能够较好地拟合,相对误差分别小于9%和6%,表明所建立的动力学模型能够反映B3破乳菌株发酵过程的动力学特征.     

轮船船体阴极保护控制系统的设计

轮船长期在海洋中航行,船体更容易受到微生物附着的损害。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了一种基于ARM的轮船船体外加电流阴极保护系统,当传感器监测到附着微生物达到一定数量时,系统就会将船体作为一个电极通以电流,此电流方向与腐蚀电流方向相反。并且,阴极提供自由氢的速度超过腐蚀菌去极化作用中利用氢的速度,同时阴极周围的pH升高至抑制硫酸盐还原菌生长繁殖的程度,最终达到保护船体的目的。     

Cooperative effect of chalcopyrite and bornite interactions during bioleaching by mixed moderately thermophilic culture

The cooperative interactions between chalcopyrite and bornite during bioleaching by mixed moderately thermophilic culture were investigated mainly by bioleaching experiments and electrochemical experiments. Bioleaching results showed that a cooperative effect existed between chalcopyrite and bornite. When the mass ratio of chalcopyrite to bornite was 3:1, an extremely high copper extraction of more than 88% was achieved after bioleaching for 27 days. One of the major reasons for the cooperative effect was that a certain redox potential range (370–450 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) could be maintained for a long period of time during bioleaching due to the mixture of chalcopyrite and bornite. Electrochemical measurements revealed that chalcopyrite was much easier to be reduced than oxidized, while bornite was prone to be directly oxidized. Hence, galvanic effect between chalcopyrite and bornite enhanced the reduction of chalcopyrite to secondary copper-iron species and promoted the oxidative dissolution of bornite. Therefore, redox potential controlling and galvanic effect both contributed to the cooperative bioleaching of chalcopyrite and bornite.     

Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review

Invasive aquatic species discharged through ballast water is one of the most serious problems posed nowadays in the marine environment. This review paper summarizes the available technologies applied for ballast water treatment. These technologies can be either port‐based or ship‐based, with the latter being easier to implement. Special emphasis was given to onboard treatment methods, which can be categorized as physical separation, mechanical or chemical methods. The efficiency of the methods, as well as the capacity of application and the target microorganisms were compiled and are presented in this review. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Collaborating to Compete—The Governance Implications of Stakeholder Agendas at Mount Pulag National Park,the Philippines

Regional planning has long sought to manage places that extend across political boundaries. The international trend to decentralize governance and promote co-management of protected areas is consistent with emerging collaborative spatial planning theory (Healey, 1997, 1999, 2006), which suggests that through dialogue, parties assert multiple cultural perspectives, share knowledge, and forge shared landscape values as the basis of decisions. As a form of collaborative spatial planning, co-management specifies shared resource management power between national government and one or more local or indigenous communities. Both approaches assume decentralized governance systems. Although critics fault collaborative planning for glossing over historical and cultural contexts, and for ignoring power in decision making, few case studies ask why partners participate or how specific decentralized governance institutions affect plan implementation. This paper draws from a study of co-management at Mount Pulag National Park, the Philippines—a shared indigenous cultural landscape that was to be managed by a board representing multiple local, indigenous, and national jurisdictions. Tracing road decisions by two municipal partners, the paper summarizes how and why major stakeholders adopted and then circumvented protective policies by building duplicative road projects across fragile forests. In this context of changing indigenous rights, the same decentralization laws that enabled co-management also rewarded competition and strategic behavior that weakened the collaborative and fragmented the shared landscape. The case demonstrates the need to interrogate, rather than assume the benefits of decentralized governance and to study why stakeholders participate before relying on voluntary collaboration to manage regional landscapes. The initial version of this paper was presented to the 2006 annual meetings of the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning, Fort Worth, Texas.     

提高微生物抗逆性技术的研究进展

微生物体内存在多种抗逆基因或机制,这些机制的发现为定向提高微生物的抗逆性奠定了基础。提高微生物抗逆性的技术主要有过表达抗逆基因,长期适应性进化, genome shuffling（基因组改组）和异源表达抗逆基因等。利用这几种技术增强微生物的抗逆性,在以微生物为主的工业生产和环境污染物降解方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

高盐低渗油藏内源微生物驱油潜力实验研究

结合靖安油田五里湾-区油藏高盐低渗特点,对其内源微生物进行了普查和分析,结果表明内源微生物类型和数量具有多样化的特点。以五里湾-区油井采出液为数活对象,在初步筛选营养成分的基础上,确定了碳源、氮源、磷源及其大致浓度,采用PB、最陡爬坡和响应面实验方法,以微生物生长和代谢为筛选条件,对影响微生物生长效果的因素进行了优化和评价,得到了最佳激活体系配方。该激活体系能够高效地激活该油藏中的内源微生物,并显著降低发酵液的表面张力,表明高盐低渗的五里湾-区油藏具有较大的内源微生物驱油提高原油采收率潜力。     

矿山酸性废水治理的研究综述

矿山废水成分复杂,危害性大,其中以酸性废水的污染最为严重.本文总结了国内外治理酸性废水的方法与研究现状,详细介绍了中和法、人工湿地和微生物法的治理方法.     

大港孔店油田本源微生物代谢产物监测分析

应用放射性同位素示踪剂技术研究了大港孔店北二断块水动力学关系,结果表明该区块注水井和采油井之间具有紧密的水动力学连通关系。在本源微生物驱油试验阶段,对试验区微生物及其代谢物在地层中的分布状况进行了3年连续监测,表明本源菌激活期间菌数增加102~105倍,原油部分氧化,使得低分子脂肪酸(乙酸盐,甲酸盐,丁酸盐等)含量约增加10~100倍,碳酸氢盐从0·4~0·6g/L增加到0·7~1·8g/L,产生的生物表面活性剂使地层水平均表面张力降低至48~33·3mN/m,地层水相对石蜡平均界面张力降至25~13·7mN/m,产生的生物多糖代谢物使地层水平均粘度增至0·76mPa·s,最高达0·83mPa·s。这些变化改变了油层物理化学和生态环境,改善了原油流动性,尤其是水动力学连通关系最好的井地层水组成的改变和增油降水效果最为明显。试验区监测结果表明,微生物及代谢物随注入水主流动方向运移,生物表面活性剂和低分子脂肪酸及生物聚合物的作用是提高原油采收率的主要机理。     

变压器绝缘电阻降低问题的试验研究

某变电所1台大型电力变压器在投入运行后,其绝缘电阻逐年下降.通过对变压器油进行色谱分析,试验各项指标无异常,但油中含有大量微生物.采用高效吸附剂处理变压器油,效果良好.