计算机网络信息安全策略探讨

随着科研、生产对网络和数据支持的依赖逐步加强,网络信息安全和保密是一个至关重要的问题。网络的安全措施应能全方位地针对各种不同的威胁,确保网络信息的保密性、完整性和可用性。本文探讨通过建立健全的制度和利用入侵检测、防火墙、网络防病毒、内网安全管理、数据备份等多种技术手段综合应用以弥补单项技术的弱点,从而提高计算机网络整体安全性。     

边底水稠油油藏水侵预警分析与治理——以孤岛油田中二北Ng5为例

结合孤岛油田中二北Ng5稠油开发实际,分析了边底水稠油油藏水侵方式以及水侵对水驱特征曲线和油井周期生产的影响,论述了不同水侵强度对油井热采效果的影响及其产量变化规律.根据油藏工程方法,提出了应用物质平衡水驱法对水侵进行预警分析,建立了水侵预警参数方程,判断预警区水侵强度的变化,制定了分区水侵预警和治理措施,在孤岛油田中二北Ng5边底水稠油油藏开发中取得了明显效果,含水率下降0.6%,采收率提高4.4%,增加可采储量45×104t,为边底水稠油油藏开发提供了思路和方法.     

Inferring Invasion History of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in China from Mitochondrial Control Region and Nuclear Intron Sequences

Identifying the dispersal pathways of an invasive species is useful for adopting the appropriate strategies to prevent and control its spread. However, these processes are exceedingly complex. So, it is necessary to apply new technology and collect representative samples for analysis. This study used Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) in combination with traditional genetic tools to examine extensive sample data and historical records to infer the invasion history of the red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, in China. The sequences of the mitochondrial control region and the proPOx intron in the nuclear genome of samples from 37 sites (35 in China and one each in Japan and the USA) were analyzed. The results of combined scenarios testing and historical records revealed a much more complex invasion history in China than previously believed. P. clarkii was most likely originally introduced into China from Japan from an unsampled source, and the species then expanded its range primarily into the middle and lower reaches and, to a lesser extent, into the upper reaches of the Changjiang River in China. No transfer was observed from the upper reaches to the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River. Human-mediated jump dispersal was an important dispersal pathway for P. clarkii. The results provide a better understanding of the evolutionary scenarios involved in the rapid invasion of P. clarkii in China.     

Elevated STAT3 Signaling-Mediated Upregulation of MMP-2/9 Confers Enhanced Invasion Ability in Multidrug-Resistant Breast Cancer Cells

The development of multidrug resistance greatly impedes effective cancer therapy. Recent advances in cancer research have demonstrated that acquisition of multidrug resistance by cancer cells is usually accompanied by enhanced cell invasiveness. Several lines of evidence indicated that cross activation of other signaling pathways during development of drug resistance may increase invasive potential of multidrug-resistant (MDR) cancer cells. However, the accurate mechanism of this process is largely undefined. In this study, to better understand the associated molecular pathways responsible for cancer progression induced by drug resistance, a MDR human breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3/EPR with P-glycoprotein overexpression was established using stepwise long-term exposure to increasing concentration of epirubicin. The SK-BR-3/EPR cell line exhibited decreased cell proliferative activity, but enhanced cell invasive capacity. We showed that the expression of metastasis-related matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/9 was elevated in SK-BR-3/EPR cells. Moreover, SK-BR-3/EPR cells showed elevated activation of STAT3. Activation of STAT3 signaling is responsible for enhanced invasiveness of SK-BR-3/EPR cells through upregulation of MMP-2/9. STAT3 is a well-known oncogene and is frequently implicated in tumorigenesis and chemotherapeutic resistance. Our findings augment insight into the mechanism underlying the functional association between MDR and cancer invasiveness.     

煤层开采底板承压水导升模拟试验系统研制与应用

为深入分析煤层底板承压水导升规律和直观展现突水通道形成过程,基于现有的二维相似材料模拟试验台研制了煤层底板承压水导升模拟试验系统。该系统包括二维相似模拟试验台(改造后)、承压水加载系统、承压水导升系统和计算机监测系统。运用研制的系统进行了尺寸为1 900 mm×220 mm×1 800 mm的模型铺设、开挖及监测。试验结果表明:该系统将柔性水囊、导水脉络和突水口组合成一个整体,避免了一般模型底板加载压力不均衡,解决了含压水箱与模型之间的密封难题;在水压达到0.03 MPa条件下,随着工作面推进距离增大,承压水导升高度不断升高,采空区中部出水量最大,导升高度最高;承压水沿阻力最小、距离最短的线路突出,且突水通道形成呈现突发、干脆特点;底板岩层受采动矿压和承压水水压产生的压剪作用,应力值出现"负—正—负"变化趋势。     

基于改进欧拉公式的变电站雷电过电压计算

为准确计算变电站雷电侵入波过电压,提出了基于改进欧拉公式的数值求解法。通过分别采用基于改进欧拉公式的数值求解法和基于贝杰龙法的EMTP仿真法对变电站的雷电过电压进行计算、对比,结果表明二者计算结果很接近,验证了基于改进欧拉公式的数值求解法是可行的。而与基于贝杰龙法的EMTP仿真法相比,基于改进欧拉公式的数值求解法的建模和计算过程更精确,更能准确模拟变电站遭受雷击后设备上过电压发展的实际过程。     

Naturally occurring phenolic compounds as promising antimycotoxin agents: Where are we now?

Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by molds that contaminate food commodities, are harmful to both humans and animals, as well as cause economic losses. Many countries have set regulatory limits and strict thresholds to control the level of mycotoxins in food and feedstuffs. New technologies and strategies have been developed to inhibit toxigenic fungal invasion and to decontaminate mycotoxins. However, many of these strategies do not sufficiently detoxify mycotoxins and leave residual toxic by-products. This review focuses on the use of phenolic compounds obtained from botanical extracts as promising bioagents to inhibit fungal growth and/or to limit mycotoxin yields. The mechanism of these botanicals, legislation concerning their use, and their safety are also discussed. In addition, recent strategies to overcome stability and solubility constraints of phenolic compounds to be used in food and feed stuffs are also mentioned.     

MASS BALANCE CALCULATIONS FOR DIFFERENT MODELS OF HYDROCARBON MIGRATION IN THE JEANNE D'ARC BASIN,OFFSHORE NEWFOUNDLAND

Basin and petroleum systems modelling is a powerful tool in petroleum exploration, but uncertainties remain in terms of the evaluation of a petroleum accumulation's size and quality, even when the petroleum system is well known and the latest modelling technology is applied. In order to interpret the results of a modelling exercise, it is necessary to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various possible approaches used to assess petroleum migration and accumulation. This paper attempts to compare the influence of different migration modelling techniques – the flowpath, Darcy “hybrid” and invasion percolation approaches – on basin‐wide mass balance calculations for a temperature‐ and pressure‐calibrated, numerical four‐dimensional basin model. The study was performed using PetroMod® software. The study area is the well‐known Jeanne d'Arc Basin located offshore Newfoundland, eastern Canada. Model predictions were verified against pre‐existing data including the quantity and quality of discovered hydrocarbons in the basin. Modelling results showed that the Darcy method produced substantially different results compared to the other migration techniques and this was due to the high accumulation efficiency. The flowpath method, and a combination of flowpath and Darcy methods (referred to as the “hybrid” method) yielded similar results; furthermore, the hybrid method predicted the petroleum composition quite accurately. The invasion percolation method gave similar results to the hybrid approach, but little or no variation in API and GOR across the basin was predicted. The adsorption model initially applied did not adequately reproduce the natural behaviour of source rocks with respect to petroleum expulsion efficiency. Therefore a revised model was implemented in which the adsorption capacity was reduced with increasing maturity. This revised adsorption model led to more realistic volumes of hydrocarbons being retained within the source rock. The application of this approach had only a minor impact on the volume and quality of the petroleum present in the reservoir units.     

确定钻井液侵入油层伤害的数值模拟计算方法

钻井液会侵入油气层并在近井眼周围形成伤害区，其伤害深度和程度可应用钻井液侵入模型来计算。该方法在建立了预测侵入近井眼地带钻井液的浓度随径向距离变化的数学模型的基础上，通过数值积分确定钻井液侵入深度和伤害油层程度，计算中不需要复杂的钻井液滤失的岩心流动实验，只需钻井液性能参数和地层孔渗资料，应用钻井现场资料就可以较准确地确定钻井液侵入深度和伤害程度，方法简单，应用方便。通过试井方法证明该方法是正确的。     

K气田电阻率泥浆侵入影响分析与校正

泥浆滤液尤其是高矿化度泥浆滤液侵入油气层是一个非常复杂的物理过程 ,严重影响了电阻率测井的测量精度。针对K气田现场电阻率测井剖面 ,分析泥浆侵入对电测井响应的影响情况 ,总结电阻率的变化规律 ,并提出可行、合理的电阻率校正方法 ,以获得地层真电阻率