捷制六号发电机铁芯试验及处理

概述了捷克制造的200MW发电机铁芯存在的固有缺陷和应采取的对策。     

Influence of structure of iron nanoparticles in aggregates on their magnetic properties

Zero-valent iron nanoparticles rapidly aggregate. One of the reasons is magnetic forces among the nanoparticles. Magnetic field around particles is caused by composition of the particles. Their core is formed from zero-valent iron, and shell is a layer of magnetite. The magnetic forces contribute to attractive forces among the nanoparticles and that leads to increasing of aggregation of the nanoparticles. This effect is undesirable for decreasing of remediation properties of iron particles and limited transport possibilities. The aggregation of iron nanoparticles was established for consequent processes: Brownian motion, sedimentation, velocity gradient of fluid around particles and electrostatic forces. In our previous work, an introduction of influence of magnetic forces among particles on the aggregation was presented. These forces have significant impact on the rate of aggregation. In this article, a numerical computation of magnetic forces between an aggregate and a nanoparticle and between two aggregates is shown. It is done for random position of nanoparticles in an aggregate and random or arranged directions of magnetic polarizations and for structured aggregates with arranged vectors of polarizations. Statistical computation by Monte Carlo is done, and range of dominant area of magnetic forces around particles is assessed.     

Modelling diffusion and adsorption of As species in Fe/GAC adsorbent beds

BACKGROUND: Arsenic decontamination of drinking water by adsorption is a simple and robust operation. When designing packed bed adsorbers for arsenic, the main problems are the slow diffusion kinetics of As in microporous media and the lack of simple equations for predicting the performance of the equipment. Commercial iron‐doped granular activated carbon adsorbents (Fe/GAC) for groundwater arsenic abatement were studied in this work. Basic parameters for arsenate (As^V) adsorption were measured and their performance at larger scale was simulated with an approximate analytical model. RESULTS: In the 0–300 µg_As L^?1 range, the As^V adsorption isotherm on Fe/GAC was found to be approximately linear. Assuming Henry's law for adsorption and homogeneous surface diffusion with constant diffusivity for intrapellet mass transfer, an approximate model for flow and adsorption of arsenate inside packed bed adsorbers was developed, and reduced to an analytic compact solution using the quasi‐lognormal distribution (Q‐LND) approximation. The use of this model with fitted and reported parameters enabled the approximate simulation of industrial adsorbers and home point‐of‐use filters. Results show that industrial adsorbers meet the breakthrough condition with incomplete utilization of the adsorbent unless convenient process configurations are used. In point‐of‐use systems with short residence times intraparticle diffusion would drastically reduce the adsorbent performance. CONCLUSION: Assuming linear adsorption of As^V over Fe/GAC, an analytical approximate solution for flow and adsorption in packed beds can be obtained. The model seems to represent correctly the main features of industrial and home filters, however, more experimental data is necessary for scale‐up purposes. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

In situ synthesis of ammonia by catalytic hydrolysis of urea in the presence of aluminium oxide for safe use of ammonia in power plants for flue gas conditioning

BACKGROUND: Ammonia is applied to increase the efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator for fly ash removal from a flue gas stream from a boiler using fossil fuel. In the present work, the hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia for flue gas conditioning, with the help of aluminium oxide catalyst, has been studied. RESULTS: The effect of temperature, catalyst and initial concentration on the conversion was studied. Conversion was found to increase exponentially with temperature. Addition of catalyst resulted in an increase in conversion. Experiments were conducted with different doses of catalyst, and the optimum dosage of catalyst for a particular feed concentration was determined. A decrease in conversion was observed when the initial concentration of ammonia was increased. CONCLUSION: A study of reaction kinetics showed the effect of reaction time on conversion of urea to ammonia. The catalytic hydrolysis of urea, using aluminium oxide behaved as a first‐order reaction; the rate constant at different temperatures was found, and the activation energy determined. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

重铬酸钾滴定法测定金属化球团中氧化亚铁含量

确定了试样以盐酸分解,重铬酸钾滴定法测定金属铁和亚铁合量,再减去金属铁含量,通过换算得到氧化亚铁含量。通过对不同条件下的试验优化,建立了重铬酸钾滴定法测定金属化球团中氧化亚铁含量试验方法,其测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.41%~0.94%,回收率大于96.0%。     

氧化石墨烯复合膜的制备及其在水体中脱除染料的性能

为同时提高氧化石墨烯(GO)膜的稳定性及分离性能,以戊二醛为交联剂,引入聚乙烯醇(PVA)和二氧化钛(TiO2),采用真空辅助过滤法制备了TiO2/GO/PVA复合膜,通过SEM、TEM、FTIR、XRD对复合膜的形态结构进行表征,并通过接触角仪、错流装置和超声实验测试膜对染料的分离性能及稳定性.结果表明:随着TiO2...     

面向平板结构钙钛矿太阳能电池的金属氧化物综述

作为平板结构钙钛矿太阳能电池的电荷传输层,金属氧化物薄膜对器件性能有重要影响. 系统性概述平板结构钙钛矿太阳能电池对金属氧化物薄膜形貌、电学、光学、化学及热等物理特性要求,并对目前在高效钙钛矿太阳电池制备中最有前景的金属氧化物电子传输层及空穴传输层材料特性及代表性工作进行总结. 针对大多数金属氧化物迁移率低、表面缺陷多及能级匹配差的问题,分析元素掺杂、表面改性、复合薄膜设计等手段解决的相关进展. 总结目前金属氧化物薄膜沉积技术现状及优缺点,探讨今后薄膜沉积技术发展、改进方向. 对低温沉积金属氧化物薄膜在柔性器件方面的应用进行展望.     

Roles of Metallic Oxides in the Elimination Reactions of NO

The catalytic effect of several metallic oxides(Fe2O3, Cr3O3 and Ni2O3) on elimination of NO has been studied in a flow type reactor, and the roles of metallic oxide in the elimination reactions of NO has also been discussed. The results show that in the system of NO-CO-CO2-N2, the catalytic reaction of NO/CO on the metallic oxide plays a leading role in NO elimination especially for Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 samples. However, Ni2O3 and its pre-reduced samples show extremely remarkable catalytic effect on direct decomposition of NO.     

低合金奥-贝球铁焊接峰值温度(Tm)对热影响区组织与力学性能的影响

利用Ｇｌｅｅｂｌｅ－１５００焊接热模拟试验机，在固定的加热速度（１５０℃／ｓ）、峰值温度保温时间（７ｓ）与８００～５００℃冷却时间为７ｓ的条件下，研究了峰值温度（Ｔｍ）在１０５０～８５０℃内变化对低合金奥－贝球墨铸铁热影响区组织及力学性能的影响。研究结果表明，随Ｔｍ的增高，高碳马氏体占基体组织百分数增加，马氏体片随之增长、变粗，σｂ和αｋ值显著下降，同时分析了共晶团各点马氏体含碳量不同，点阵畸变程度发生变化的原因     

铸态铁素体球铁的模拟焊接热影响区组织与力学性能

系统地研究了铸态铁素体球铁的模拟焊接热影响区组织与力学性能，揭示了铸态铁素体球铁的高硅低锰特性对组织与力学性能的影响。指出热影响区的高碳马氏体使其塑性与韧性严重下降，预热４００℃可消除马氏体，并使热影响区的力学性能显著改善。