集聚纺纱线结构对成纱质量的影响

为探讨紧密纺纱线的结构对成纱质量的影响,采用示踪纤维方法,在梳棉工序制得含有示踪纤维的生条,然后通过后道工序纺制成需要的纱线。在视频显微镜下通过观察纤维在成纱中的转移,来对比分析全聚纺与普通环锭纺、三罗拉网格圈紧密纺和四罗拉网格圈紧密纺4种纱线的结构特点。结果表明：全聚纺纱线中纤维平均径向位置最小,但纤维内外转移系数最大。在此基础上,根据所得数据给出纤维的包络线,并借助纤维的内外转移系数等特征参数,从理论上分析了不同纺纱方式下纱线结构对纱线强伸性能的影响。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定饲料中高氯酸盐含量

目的建立液相色谱串联质谱检测饲料中高氯酸盐含量的方法。方法饲料样品经乙腈-水(2:1,V:V)超声提取,高速离心后,上清液经石墨炭黑固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定,内标法定量。结果高氯酸盐在0～100ng/mL浓度范围内呈良好线性关系(r2=0.9998)。本方法的定量限为15.0μg/kg。高氯酸盐在15～150μg/kg添加浓度范围内,回收率为95.1%～102.4%,相对标准偏差为1.13%～9.82%。结论本方法前处理简单,具有较高准确度、灵敏度、稳定性,可以满足饲料中高氯酸盐的含量检测。     

木素脱氢聚合物-葡萄糖复合体形成机理的研究

为阐明植物纤维细胞壁中木素与聚葡萄糖化学键的连接,本研究探讨了在(6-13C)葡萄糖和纤维二糖的存在下,松柏醇葡萄糖苷的过氧化物酶催化脱氢聚合过程中与碳水化合物之间化学键的形成。研究发现,木素脱氢聚合物(DHP)能与(6-13C)葡萄糖形成DHP-(6-13C)葡萄糖的聚合物,核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)分析结果表明,葡萄糖C6位上的碳与木素结构单元以苯甲醚键连接。此外,研究还发现,木素前驱物与纤维二糖之间发生了共聚,得到了DHP-纤维二糖的复合体,13C NMR分析结果表明,纤维二糖与DHP之间可能存在苯甲醚键、苯甲酯键和α-缩醛键等化学键的连接。     

Development of image processing based system to study yarn structure during extension

The present study describes design and development and use of an image processing system to characterize and visualize the configuration of fibers in yarn in extended mode. An especially dedicated instrument and software for data acquisition and analysis are the unique features of the system. It is capable of grabbing the images of extended yarn in two orthogonal planes. The software can acquire data from these two orthogonal planes. The three‐dimensional trajectory of whole length of different colored tracer fibers can be plotted and can be viewed at different angles. The image processing system along with multi‐colored tracer fiber technique has been used for quantitative analysis of changes in the internal structure of ring yarn on extension.     

13C-2H双同位素示踪法研究硫酸盐浆中残余木质素的仿酶降解

本研究合成了松伯醇葡萄糖苷-[α-¹³C],将其与碳水化合物前驱物D-葡萄糖-[6-²H₂]及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(Phenylalanine Ammonialyas,PAL)的抑制剂羧甲氧基胺半盐酸盐(AOA)投入到处于生长状态的银杏枝条中,得到¹³C和²H双同位素标记的银杏木粉。对银杏木粉进行硫酸盐法蒸煮,所得浆料通过酶水解法分离及纯化后得到¹³C和²H双同位素标记的纤维素酶解木质素(CEL),用GIF-sur-Yvette型(GIF型)以及水杨醛(salicylaldehyde)、乙二胺(ethylenediamine)与铜离子形成的络合物(Cu(Salen))仿酶处理CEL,以进一步除去其中的木质素和木质素-碳水化合物复合体(LCC)。利用核磁共振技术(¹³C NMR和¹H NMR)对仿酶处理后的残余物进行分析,结果表明经GIF型仿酶处理后的残余物中木质素结构单元间主要以β-5、β-O-4...     

加密MANET端到端流的推断与识别研究

根据数据流的帧发送时序特性, 提出一种基于时序匹配和关联分析的端到端流推断算法。采用时序匹配、关联分析、流追踪与回溯等机制, 分析与追踪探测区域内的所有端到端流。该算法能够在无须解密报文的前提下进行流量分析, 推断出端到端流的源、目的节点、流路径、流开始时间和流持续时长等信息。仿真实验表明, 算法可以有效识别网络中的端到端流。     

ICP-MS法测定纺织品中微量元素

采用微波消解样品，其试液用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP—MS)法同时测定样品中Pb、As、Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、Mn等8种微量元素。对影响其测量的各种因素进行了较为详细的研究，确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明，方法的检出限为0．001～0．008μg/L，回收率为93．17％～109．95％，RSD小于3．42％。该法准确、快速、简便，应用于纺织品中微量元素的测定，结果满意。     

Nitrogen partitioning and isotopic fractionation in dairy cows consuming diets based on a range of contrasting forages

Nine multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows (initially 97 d in milk), were used in a 3 × 3 lattice square design experiment with 4-wk periods. All cows received 4 kg/d concentrates and dietary treatments were based on silages offered ad libitum: perennial ryegrass (PRG); timothy (TIM); tall fescue (TF); red clover (RC); red clover/corn silage mixture [40/60 on a dry matter (DM) basis; RCC]; red clover/whole-crop oat silage mixture (40/60 on a DM basis; RCO); or red clover/whole-crop oat silage mixture (25/75 on a DM basis; ORC). The remaining treatments were based on RCO with feed intake restricted to the level of PRG (RCOr) or with a low protein concentrate (50/50 mixture of barley and molassed sugar beet pulp; RCOlp). Experiment objectives were to evaluate diet effects on N partitioning and N isotopic fractionation. Yields of milk and milk protein were consistently high for diets RC, RCC, and RCO and low for the diets based on poorly ensiled grass silages. Restriction of intake (RCOr) and inclusion of a higher proportion of whole-crop oat silage (ORC) and the low-protein concentrate (RCOlp) led to some loss of production. Diet had little effect on milk fat, protein, and lactose concentrations: low concentrations of milk protein and lactose reflect the restricted energy intakes for all treatments. The highest diet digestibilities were measured for RC and PRG, whereas increasing inclusion of the whole-crop oat silage (0, 60, and 75% of forage DM) led to a marked decrease in diet digestibility (0.717, 0.624, and 0.574 g/g, respectively). Urinary excretion of purine derivatives, an indicator for rumen microbial protein synthesis, was significantly higher for RCC than for TIM and TF. Nitrogen intake ranged between 359 and 626 g/d (treatment means). Partitioning of N intake to feces and urine was closely related to N intake, although urinary N losses were less than predicted from N intake for the 60/40 mixtures of cereal silage and red clover silage. The ¹⁵N content of milk, urine, and feces were all influenced by diet ¹⁵N content. Isotopic fractionation meant that feces and milk were enriched and urine was depleted in ¹⁵N relative to the diet. Significant relationships were observed between the extent of enrichment of urine, feces, and milk, suggesting some commonality in fractionation pathways. The trend for the lowest ¹⁵N enrichment in milk protein occurring in diets with low N-use efficiency (milk N/feed N) was contrary to expectations, possibly because of endogenous contributions to milk protein or fractionation when dietary ammonia was incorporated into microbial protein.     

碘在生物样品消解和灰化过程中的丢失研究

用＾１３１Ｉ示踪和中子活化法测定了碘在生物样品酸消解和灰化处理中回收率。结果表明：Ｄ 不同酸消化条件下碘的回收率差别很大。当ＨＮＯ３和ＣＨｌＯ４作消化液、用冷却水回流消解时，生物样品中碘的回收率可达９５％以上。用ＫＯＨ在６５０℃灰化时，回收率可达９０％以上。     

利用数值模式和示踪试验确定某厂址地区大气扩散参数北大核心CSCD

利用WRF数值模式和CALPUFF扩散模式相结合的技术手段分析研究某沿海厂址大气扩散参数,并通过现场示踪试验验证了数值模式模拟结果的可靠性和模拟方法的适用性。结果表明,CALPUFF扩散模式无论从扩散因子数量值还是分布范围上,与现场示踪试验结果均能保持较好的一致性,CALPUFF扩散模拟结果能较好地反映当地大气扩散实际特征。通过与P-G和IAEA扩散参数比对得出,CALPUFF数值模式结果确定的厂址大气扩散参数符合大气扩散特征的一般规律;在考虑厂址实际下垫面和流场特征情况下,CALPUFF数值模式确定的扩散参数整体较P-G扩散参数偏大,其扩散参数值能较真实地反映该地区气载污染物的扩散能力。