基于滑窗批处理的低检测概率无源定位

针对低检测概率下的无源定位问题,提出一种基于滑窗批处理的多传感器融合跟踪算法.通过将多个低检测概率的无源传感器组网,实现目标信息的空间积累,有效提高目标的检测概率.利用伪线性估计技术将非线性测量转换为伪线性测量,再对多传感器的伪线性测量进行基于滑窗批处理的最小二乘估计,得到目标局部最优解.仿真验证了算法的有效性和分析了参数的影响.结果表明,该算法能大幅提高无源定位系统对目标的检测概率,且能满足系统对跟踪精度及实时性的要求.     

Finite element analysis of non-isothermal multiphase geomaterials with application to strain localization simulation

Finite element analysis of non-isothermal elasto-plastic multiphase geomaterials is presented. The multiphase material is modelled as a deforming porous continuum where heat, water and gas flow are taken into account. The independent variables are the solid displacements, the capillary and the gas pressure and the temperature. The modified effective stress state is limited by the Drucker-Prager yield surface for simplicity. Small strains and quasi-static loading conditions are assumed. Numerical results of strain localization in globally undrained samples of dense, medium dense and loose sands and isochoric geomaterial are presented. A biaxial compression test is simulated assuming plane strain condition during the computations. Vapour pressure below the saturation water pressure (cavitation) develops at localization in case of dense sands, as experimentally observed. A case of strain localization induced by a thermal load where evaporation takes place is also analysed. Dedicated to Professor S. Valliappan in occasion of his retirement     

Text binarization in color documents

This article presents a new method for the binarization of color document images. Initially, the colors of the document image are reduced to a small number using a new color reduction technique. Specifically, this technique estimates the dominant colors and then assigns the original image colors to them in order that the background and text components to become uniform. Each dominant color defines a color plane in which the connected components (CCs) are extracted. Next, in each color plane a CC filtering procedure is applied which is followed by a grouping procedure. At the end of this stage, blocks of CCs are constructed which are next redefined by obtaining the direction of connection (DOC) property for each CC. Using the DOC property, the blocks of CCs are classified as text or nontext. The identified text blocks are binarized properly using suitable binarization techniques, considering the rest of the pixels as background. The final result is a binary image which contains always black characters in white background independently of the original colors of each text block. The proposed document binarization approach can also be used for binarization of noisy color (or gray‐scale) document images. Several experiments that confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique are presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 262–274, 2006     

Implicit algorithm for finite deformation hypoelastic–viscoplasticity in fcc metals

An implicit objective stress update algorithm is proposed for a hypoelastic–viscoplastic model. A thermal/dynamic yield function, which is derived based on the thermal activation analysis and dislocation interaction mechanisms, is used, along with the Consistency approach and the framework of additive viscoplasticity, in deriving the proposed model for fcc metals. The corotational formulation approach is utilized in developing the proposed model in the finite deformation field. For the case of the Newton–Raphson iteration method, a new expression for the consistent (algorithmic) tangent stiffness matrix of rate‐dependent metals is derived by direct linearization of the stress update algorithm. Finite element simulations are performed by implementing the proposed viscoplasticity constitutive models in the commercial finite element program ABAQUS. Numerical implementation for a simple tensile problem is used for validating the material parameters of the OFHC Copper under low and high strain rates and temperatures. The numerical results of the adiabatic true stress–true strain curves compare very well with the experimental data. The effectiveness of the present approach is tested by studying strain localization in a simple plane strain problem. Results indicate excellent performance of the present framework in describing the strain localization problem and in obtaining mesh‐independent results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑应变梯度及刚度劣化的剪切带局部变形分析

基于梯度塑性理论,研究了应变软化阶段的刚度劣化对剪切带内部的局部应变及相对剪切位移的影响。剪切带被看作一维剪切问题,本构关系为线弹性及线性应变软化。考虑刚度劣化后,剪切带的弹性应变由弹性剪切模量、损伤变量及残余剪切模量确定。剪切带的非局部总应变由双线性的本构关系确定。将非局部总应变减去弹性应变,可得剪切带的非局部塑性应变。剪切带非局部塑性应变与流动应力及损伤变量等参数有关,此关系即为在经典弹塑性理论框架之内的考虑刚度劣化的屈服函数。将二阶应变梯度项引入该函数,可得剪切带内部的局部塑性剪切应变及局部总剪切应变的分布规律。对局部塑性剪切应变积分,得到了局部塑性剪切位移。结果表明:考虑了刚度劣化后,剪切带内部的弹性剪切应变及位移增加,而局部塑性剪切应变及位移降低。若不考虑刚度劣化,理论结果可蜕化为以前的结果。理论结果与岩石局部变形的观测结果在定性是一致的。     

包装设计本土化的内涵与外延

通过对包装设计本土化问题的探究,剖析出本土文化元素在包装设计中的传承与发展脉络,概括了本土化包装的目的是在传统文化中吸取营养,将本土化和现代化相统一,并通过包装设计向世界传递本土文化和民族特色。     

论广告设计中的传统文化元素

目的 探索现代广告设计中对传统文化元素的借鉴与应用方式.方法 以经济全球化的大背景为出发点,结合外来文化思潮的影响,引出艺术设计领域的本土化设计思潮.并以广告设计领域为落脚点,分析中国传统文化在资源提供、增加内涵、促进发展等方面的重要价值和作用.接着从传统的图形、文字和色彩等方面逐一探讨应用方向,并结合水墨、剪纸、书法等文化形式的特点与技法进行具体的应用探索,并提出相关的应用策略,以及列举相关的代表性应用案例.结论 传统文化元素根植于我国深厚的文化土壤,其自身有着独特的个性与内涵,能够给现代广告设计带来更多的灵感和创意,使广告设计作品在回归传统的基础上彰显时代感,以中国特色的广告设计精品融入世界潮流.     

聚焦波束形成声图法误差分析

聚集波束形成声图测量方法可以实现近场目标的被动定位．利用该方法接收数据或进行数据处理的过程中必定会有各种误差产生,本文从聚焦峰尺度、阵元偏差、波长等方面对聚焦波束形成声图测量方法的影响进行了分析,经仿真研究与实验数据分析可以得出聚焦波束形成声图法受距离与波长的影响较大,但对于阵元的位置要求不高,利用该方法可以实现近程目标的高精度定位。     

Mixed finite element method for coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical process in poro‐elasto‐plastic media at large strains

A mixed finite element for coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical (THM) analysis in unsaturated porous media is proposed. Displacements, strains, the net stresses for the solid phase; pressures, pressure gradients, Darcy velocities for pore water and pore air phases; temperature, temperature gradients, the total heat flux are interpolated as independent variables. The weak form of the governing equations of coupled THM problems in porous media within the element is given on the basis of the Hu–Washizu three‐filed variational principle. The proposed mixed finite element formulation is derived. The non‐linear version of the element formulation is further derived with particular consideration of the THM constitutive model for unsaturated porous media based on the CAP model. The return mapping algorithm for the integration of the rate constitutive equation, the consistent elasto‐plastic tangent modulus matrix and the element tangent stiffness matrix are developed. For geometrical non‐linearity, the co‐rotational formulation approach is utilized. Numerical results demonstrate the capability and the performance of the proposed element in modelling progressive failure characterized by strain localization and the softening behaviours caused by thermal and chemical effects. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Strain Localization Kinetics in a Metal Strip in Tension

Simulation results for strain localization in a metal strip are obtained with analytical and numerical methods. The initiation of strain localization is shown to be determined by the initial nonuniformity of material properties and by loading conditions. The more uniform material properties, the higher the strain level at which localized flow starts to develop. Metal heating under adiabatic deformation (as a result of the thermal plastic strain effect) causes a decrease in a strain level at which its localization starts. The pulse current passage, accounting for its thermal effect, exerts a similar influence. __________ Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 5, pp. 104 – 117, September – October, 2005.