Decarboxylative (4+1) Oxidative Annulation of Malonate Monoesters with 2‐Vinylpyridine Derivatives

A novel N‐iodosuccinimide‐mediated decarboxylative (4+1) oxidative annulation between 2‐vinylpyridine derivatives and malonate monoesters was developed. It offers a new way to construct indolizine derivatives by utilizing malonate monoesters as a C₁ unit. The alkyl 2,2‐diiodoacetate was found to be the active reaction intermediate during the transformation.

     

汽轮机叶片截型数据样条重构

就CAD二次开发工程中遇到的叶片截型数据点重构样条的问题进行了分析,提出了一个基于德布尔(de Boor)样条值点计算递推法的反求样条控制顶点的方法,推导了具体计算的公式,给出了计算方程组。在实践中应用该方法得到了过型值点的光顺的样条曲线,获得了满意的效果。最后就多种CAD软件实现的反求控制顶点进行了比较。     

328.5MW机组改造技术及特点

通过对天津大港发电厂两台进口意大利328.5MW汽轮发电机组调节、保护系统改造方案的分析,总结了328.5MW机组调节、保护系统改造的特点和经验。     

二次曲线的计算方法研究

二次曲线的射影理论是射影几何中极其重要的一个组成部分。利用二次曲线的对应进行物体识别、场景重建及运动分析是计算机视觉中非常活跃的一个研究领域。利用图像坐标计算二次曲线,当图像坐标很大时,就会出现计算故障或者引起计算精度的下降;利用齐次坐标来计算二次曲线,相应地增加计算量。本文从实际计算的角度出发,使用N矢量来表示视平面上所有的点和直线,从二次曲线的定义建立了二次曲线的N矢量计算公式。在此基础上,给出了射影平面上由任意一点或一条直线所确定的二次曲线切点、切线的N矢量计算方法,通过举例分析和实验验证,该算法实用、可靠。     

椭圆车削参数编程

以椭圆轮廓曲线为例,介绍数控车削加工中,采用参数编程方法,粗、精车非圆曲线零件,并给出源程序,有效解决数控机床非圆曲线零件的加工,简化了此类零件加工程序的编制.     

蒸汽加热对伊拉兔肉及其蛋白质热变性的影响

测定了伊拉兔大腿肌肉在蒸汽加热过程中的传热曲线,以及蛋白质组分、失重率和水分含量随中心温度的变化情况。结果表明,伊拉兔肌肉在加热过程中,随着时间的延长中心温度不断升高,加热后期的升温速度比前期快;蛋白质各组分在加热过程中变化显著(p<0.05),随着中心温度的升高,非蛋白氮的含量先增加后减小,碱溶性蛋白增加,水溶性蛋白、盐溶性蛋白和碱不溶蛋白减少。与加热前相比,中心温度达80℃时碱溶性蛋白的含量增加了200.91%,水溶性蛋白、盐溶性蛋白和碱不溶蛋白的含量分别减少了92.6%、68.4%和67.3%;蒸煮损失在加热过程中不断增加,特别是在中心温度达到60~80℃的阶段,蒸煮损失达损失总量的52.97%。      

考虑全柔性单元复杂变形的微位移放大机构刚度分析

提出一种考虑全柔性单元复杂变形的平面柔性机构刚度分析方法, 除将底座视为刚性单元外, 其余全部视为柔性单元, 然后根据力平衡方程即可得到机构整体刚度.该方法综合考虑了各柔性单元在各向的变形, 使得分析结果更接近实际情况, 同时避免了其他方法需要单独处理的柔性单元与刚性单元的位移协调问题, 可大大减少计算量.应用多种方法对一种微位移放大模块的刚度进行了研究.全柔性单元法的分析结果更接近ANSYS仿真结果, 并表明机构的整体刚度K与动力臂和阻力臂的比值有关, 两者相等时近似取得最小值, 为刚度与阻力臂的关系曲线拐点, 分析结果对给定刚度的杠杆放大机构参数设计具有重要意义.     

目标微动参数估计的曲线跟踪算法

对于包含多散射点的微动部件来说,其微动参数估计等价于多分量非平稳信号的瞬时频率估计.针对此问题,提出一种基于曲线跟踪算法的目标微动参数估计方法.该算法首先在时频域通过最近邻数据关联算法分离各分量信号的时频曲线,然后,采用扩展Kalman滤波器对各时频曲线进行平滑滤波,并基于平滑后的时频曲线估计目标微动参数.基于电磁计算数据的仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

Correlation between In Vitro Neutralization Assay and Serological Tests for Protective Antibodies Detection

Serological assays are useful in investigating the development of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the context of epidemiological studies focusing on the spread of protective immunity. The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is the gold standard method to assess the titer of protective antibodies in serum samples. However, to provide a result, the PRNT requires several days, skilled operators, and biosafety level 3 laboratories. Therefore, alternative methods are being assessed to establish a relationship between their outcomes and PRNT results. In this work, four different immunoassays (Roche Elecsys^® Anti SARS-CoV-2 S, Snibe MAGLUMI^® SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD IgG, Snibe MAGLUMI^® 2019-nCoV IgG, and EUROIMMUN^® SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA assays, respectively) have been performed on individuals healed after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The correlation between each assay and the reference method has been explored through linear regression modeling, as well as through the calculation of Pearson’s and Spearman’s coefficients. Furthermore, the ability of serological tests to discriminate samples with high titers of neutralizing antibodies (>160) has been assessed by ROC curve analyses, Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and positive predictive agreement. The EUROIMMUN^® NeutraLISA assay displayed the best correlation with PRNT results (Pearson and Spearman coefficients equal to 0.660 and 0.784, respectively), as well as the ROC curve with the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity (0.857, 0.889, and 0.829, respectively).     

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (RBD) Subunit Adsorption at Abiotic Surfaces and Corona Formation at Polymer Particles

The adsorption kinetics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit with the receptor binding domain at abiotic surfaces was investigated. A combination of sensitive methods was used such as atomic force microscopy yielding a molecular resolution, a quartz microbalance, and optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy. The two latter methods yielded in situ information about the protein adsorption kinetics under flow conditions. It was established that at pH 3.5–4 the protein adsorbed on mica and silica surfaces in the form of compact quasi-spherical aggregates with an average size of 14 nm. The maximum coverage of the layers was equal to 3 and 1 mg m⁻² at pH 4 and 7.4, respectively. The experimental data were successfully interpreted in terms of theoretical results derived from modeling. The experiments performed for flat substrates were complemented by investigations of the protein corona formation at polymer particles carried out using in situ laser Doppler velocimetry technique. In this way, the zeta potential of the protein layers was acquired as a function of the coverage. Applying the electrokinetic model, these primary data were converted to the dependence of the subunit zeta potential on pH. It was shown that a complete acid-base characteristic of the layer can be acquired only using nanomolar quantities of the protein.