全文获取类型
收费全文 | 102234篇 |
免费 | 10248篇 |
国内免费 | 5708篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 19105篇 |
技术理论 | 5篇 |
综合类 | 8695篇 |
化学工业 | 17575篇 |
金属工艺 | 5974篇 |
机械仪表 | 4920篇 |
建筑科学 | 5400篇 |
矿业工程 | 3419篇 |
能源动力 | 3343篇 |
轻工业 | 4859篇 |
水利工程 | 2038篇 |
石油天然气 | 7904篇 |
武器工业 | 873篇 |
无线电 | 11550篇 |
一般工业技术 | 8070篇 |
冶金工业 | 5455篇 |
原子能技术 | 1620篇 |
自动化技术 | 7385篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 408篇 |
2023年 | 1392篇 |
2022年 | 2281篇 |
2021年 | 2754篇 |
2020年 | 3003篇 |
2019年 | 2453篇 |
2018年 | 2585篇 |
2017年 | 3307篇 |
2016年 | 3558篇 |
2015年 | 3747篇 |
2014年 | 6379篇 |
2013年 | 5951篇 |
2012年 | 7619篇 |
2011年 | 7464篇 |
2010年 | 5702篇 |
2009年 | 5945篇 |
2008年 | 5785篇 |
2007年 | 7697篇 |
2006年 | 7416篇 |
2005年 | 5825篇 |
2004年 | 4235篇 |
2003年 | 4041篇 |
2002年 | 3103篇 |
2001年 | 2857篇 |
2000年 | 2480篇 |
1999年 | 2063篇 |
1998年 | 1488篇 |
1997年 | 1219篇 |
1996年 | 1035篇 |
1995年 | 828篇 |
1994年 | 698篇 |
1993年 | 520篇 |
1992年 | 433篇 |
1991年 | 361篇 |
1990年 | 286篇 |
1989年 | 236篇 |
1988年 | 181篇 |
1987年 | 136篇 |
1986年 | 117篇 |
1985年 | 142篇 |
1984年 | 122篇 |
1983年 | 71篇 |
1982年 | 58篇 |
1981年 | 34篇 |
1980年 | 49篇 |
1979年 | 29篇 |
1978年 | 23篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 10篇 |
1975年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
FTIR spectroscopy was applied to study the initial steps of ethylene polymerization on reduced chromia-silica (0.5 wt% Cr/SiO2). To decrease the speed of the reaction small doses of gas were introduced to the catalyst in each run and C2D4 was used to confirm band assignments. At the initial steps of the reaction only ethylene molecules coordinated to probably Cr
A
2+
cations were observed. The concentration of such complexes was estimated to be about 50% of the total amount of Cr atoms in the sample. The FTIR spectrum of the polymer formed at the initial doses of C2H4 (when [C2H4] [Cr]) was found to be slightly different from that formed after excess ethylene was introduced onto the catalyst ([C2H4] > [Cr]). 相似文献
112.
D. T. Cambell and D. W. Fiske (1959) made the now-obvious statement that measures of the same variable made by different methods should agree (converge) and certainly should agree better than measures of different variables made by those several methods. Almost everyone accepted that statement, yet the multitrait–multimethod matrices published today show little or no improvement over the published examples cited in 1959. The article raised the conceptual problem of how a variable and its measurement should be linked and the methodological problem of clarifying the nature of methods and their effects. Given these unresolved problems, it is perhaps not surprising that the question of the appropriate statistical analysis of these matrices has also no consensual answer. Perhaps methods and traits or contents are so thoroughly intertwined that their interaction cannot be adequately analyzed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
113.
电流除了用罗果夫斯基线圈进行测量外,还可通过环探头测量电流产生的磁场来计算得到。直线电机除了位置固定的母线导体外,还有沿母线运动的电枢;母线回路注入脉冲电流后,电枢会被加速而运动。简化母线和电枢为线电流模型,在长线模型基础上,通过环探头测量得到的磁场计算出近似电流波形。因为探头所测磁场主要由其附近电流所贡献,所以合理配置电枢起始位置与探头位置后,电枢运动对电流测量的影响很小。在瞬态电流上升沿、平台区和下降沿的不同阶段,利用实验折算的系数,可得到时域瞬态电流波形,其测量结果与用罗果夫斯基线圈测量波形一致。 相似文献
114.
Conceptual fusion reactor studies over the past 10–15 yr have projected systems that may be too large, complex, and costly to be of commercial interest. One main direction for improved fusion reactors points toward smaller, higher-power-density approaches. First-order economic issues (i.e., unit direct cost and cost of electricity) are used to support the need for more compact fusion reactors. The results of a number of recent conceptual designs of reversed-field pinch, spheromak, and tokamak fusion reactors are summarized as examples of more compact approaches. While a focus has been placed on increasing the fusion-power-core mass power density beyond the minimum economic threshold of 100–200 kWe/tonne, other means by which the overall attractiveness of fusion as a long-term energy source are also addressed.Nomenclature
a
Plasma minor radius at outboard equatorial plane (m)
-
A
Plasma aspect ratioR
T
/a
-
AC
Annual charges ($/yr)
-
b
Plasma minor radius in vertical direction (m)
-
B
Magentic field at plasma or blanket (T)
-
B
c
Magnetic field at the coil (T)
-
B
Toroidal magnetic field (T)
-
B
Poloidal magnetic field (T)
- BOP
Balance of plant
-
C
Coil
-
COE
Cost of electricity (mills/kWeh)
- CRFPR
Compact RFP reactor
- CT
Compact torus (FRC or spheromak)
-
c
FPC
Unit cost of fusion power core ($/kg)
-
DC
Direct cost ($)
- DZP
Dense Z-pinch
-
E
Escalation rate (1/yr)
-
EDC
Escalation during construction ($)
- ET
Elongated tokamak
-
F
Annual fuel charges ($/yr)
-
FC
Component of UDC not strongly dependent or FPC size ($/kWe)
- FW
First wall
-
FPC
Fusion power core
-
f
Aux
Fraction of gross electric power recirculated to BOP
-
f
1
(IC+IDC+EDC)/DC
-
f
2
(O&M + SCR + F)/AC
-
IC
Indirect cost ($)
-
IDC
Interest during construction ($)
-
I
w
Neutron first-wall loading (MW/m2)
-
i
Toroidal plasma current (MA)
-
j
Plasma current density, I/a2
-
k
B
Boltzmann constant, 1.602(10)–16 (J/keV)
- LWR
Light-water (fission) reactor
-
MPD
Mass power density 1000PE/MFPC (kWe/tonne)
-
M
N
Blanket energy multiplication of 14.1-MeV neutron energy
-
M
FPC
Mass of fusion power core (tonne)
-
n
Plasma density (m–3) or toroidal MHD mode number
-
O&M
Annual operating and maintenance cost ($/yr)
-
p
f
Plant availability factor
- PFD
Poloidal field dominated (CTs, RFP, DZP)
-
P
Construction time (yr)
- PTH
Thermal power (MWt)
-
P
E
Net electric power (1-)P
ET
(MWe)
- PET
Total gross electric power (MWe)
- pf
Fusion power (MW)
-
q
Tokamak safety factor (B
/B
gq
)(a/R
T
)
-
q
e
EngineeringQ value, 1/e
-
R
T
Major toroidal radius (m)
- RFP
Reversed-field pinch
- RPE
Reactor plant equipment (Account 22)
- S
Shield
-
SCR
Annual spare component cost ($/yr)
- SSR
Second stability region for the tokamak
- S/T/H
Stellarator/torsatron/heliotron
- ST
Spherical tokamak or spherical torus
-
T
Plasma temperature (keV)
-
TDC
Total direct cost ($)
-
TOC
Total overnight cost ($)
-
UDC
Unit direct cost,TDC/10
3
P
E
($/kWe)
-
V
p
Plasma volume (m3)
-
W
p
Plasma energy (GJ)
-
W
B
Magnetic field energy (GJ)
-
Magnetic utilization efficiency, 2nkBT/(B
2/20)
-
0
Permeability of free space, 4(10)–7 H/m
-
XE
Plasma confinement efficiency, a2/4E
-
e
Plasma energy confinement time
-
p
Overall plant efficiency, TH(1-)
-
TH
Thermal conversion efficiency
-
FPC
AverageFPC mass density (tonne/m3)
-
Plasma vertical elongation factor,b/a
-
Thickness of allFPC engineering structure surround plasma (m)
-
Total recirculating power fraction, (P
ET-P
E)/P
ET, or inverse aspect ratioa/R
T
This work was performed under the auspices of USDOE, Office of Fusion Energy. 相似文献
115.
TIBER II is designed to be a minimum size and cost candidate for an international Engineering Test Reactor. High-current density Nb3Sn superconducting magnets with radiation-tolerant polymide insulation is combined with a minimum thickness tungsten inbored shield and a common, external vacuum boundary to minimize the inner radial build of the tokamak core. This results in a major radius of 3 m, compared to 5 m for previous ETR designs such as INTOR, with correspondingly lower costs expected. Cyclic stress fatigue limits the number of pulses so that steady-state current drive, based on a combination of neutral beams, lower hybrid and ECH, is designed to achieve reactor-relevant nuclear testing conditions (Fluence 3MW yr/m2, rwall > 1 MW/m2 in steady state).This report is abstracted from a more complete information document UCID-20863 with numerous authors. See Ref. l for complete credits. 相似文献
116.
117.
118.
变频开关电源Fuzzy-PID控制器的设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对感应式变频开关电源在对金属材料进行热处理过程中,负载的等效参数和谐振频率发生变化,而变频电源的输出频率不能及时调整和跟踪的问题,结合PID和Fuzzy控制技术的优点,设计Fuzzy-PID控制器对变频电源进行控制,在大偏差时用Fuzzy控制,在小偏差时用PID调节。Fuzzy-PID控制器以单片机8098为核心,采用SPWM专用芯片SA4828,实现变频开关电源的电压、电流双闭环控制,使变频电源不仅具有较快的动态响应、更小的超调,并且具有较高的稳态精度和频率跟踪控制特性。 相似文献
119.
J. R. Clearwater S. P. Foster S. J. Muggleston J. S. Dugdale E. Priesner 《Journal of chemical ecology》1991,17(2):413-429
The specific status ofCtenopseustis obliquana pheromone-types I, II, and III has been more fully examined. Females of types I and III produce a mixture of (Z)-8- and (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetates (Z8-14:Ac, Z5-14: Ac). The previously reported different ratios of these two components in females of the two types (type I=8020, III=9010) have been reinvestigated. The median ratios of each type differed significantly, although there was some overlap in the ranges of these ratios. A field cage trial showed that males of type III are attracted to females of type I, so the observed differences may be ascribed to intraspecific variation. In contrast to females of types I or III, females of type II produce Z5-14Ac but no Z8-14Ac. The electroantennogram (EAG) profile of antennae of type II males shows a maximum response to Z5-14Ac, while the EAG profiles of types I and III show a strong response to Z8-14Ac. In wind tunnel tests using mixtures of these two compounds, type II males prefer blends consisting of all or mostly Z5-14: Ac, while type I males showed a preference to a mix of 70% Z8-14Ac plus 30% Z5-14Ac. We found that type I males are attracted to type I females when offered a choice between type I and type II females in a field cage test and that type II males similarly prefer type II females. Males of types I and II have specialist cells for Z8-14Ac and Z5-14Ac but differ with respect to relative densities of these cells and to further cell types responsive to other alkenyl acetates. Type IIC. obliquana is considered therefore a sibling species of types I and III. In addition, the amount of Z5-14Ac produced by type II females varied geographically. Females from the North Island produced significantly less (median=1.2 ng) Z5-14Ac than females from the South Island (median=2.2 ng). Type II populations in the North Island morphologically resembled sympatric type I, rather than type II from the South Island and are designated as type II (North Island). Type II (North Island) populations have so far been found only at Rukuhia (near Hamilton) and from Kerikeri. In contrast, type II populations are sympatric with type III populations over much of the South Island. In a field cage trial, males of types II and II (North Island) were attracted to females of both II and II (North Island). We tentatively ascribe the differences between type II and type II (North Island) to intraspecific variation. 相似文献
120.
改性丙烯酸-环氧树脂纳米乳液的制备及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了水性丙烯酸-环氧树脂纳米乳液的制备及其在油罐防腐工程中的应用。讨论了亲水侧链聚乙二醇相对分子质量大小对涂膜性能的影响以及乳化剂各组分的用量对乳液粒径的影响。 相似文献