Structure and properties of nitrile rubber (NBR)–clay nanocomposites by co‐coagulating NBR latex and clay aqueous suspension

Nitrile rubber (NBR)–clay nanocomposites were prepared by co‐coagulating the NBR latex and clay aqueous suspension. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the silicate layers of clay were dispersed in the NBR matrix at the nano level and had a planar orientation. X‐ray diffraction indicated that there were some nonexfoliated silicate layers in the NBR–clay nanocomposites. Stress–strain curves showed that the silicate layers generated evident reinforcement, modulus, and tensile strength of the NBR–clay nanocomposites, which were significantly improved with an increase in the amount of clay, and strain‐at‐break was higher than that of the gum NBR vulcanizate when the amount of clay was more than 5 phr. The NBR–clay nanocomposites exhibited an excellent gas barrier property; the reduction in gas permeability in the NBR–clay nanocomposites can be described by Nielsen's model. Compared with gum NBR vulcanizate, the oxygen index of the NBR–clay nanocomposites increased slightly. The feasibility of controlling rubber flammability via the nanocomposite approach needs to be evaluated further. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3855–3858, 2003     

Enantiomeric Composition of Monoterpene Hydrocarbons in Some Conifers and Receptor Neuron Discrimination of α-Pinene and Limonene Enantiomers in the Pine Weevil, Hylobius abietis

The enantiomeric composition of seven monoterpene hydrocarbons in headspace volatiles of spruce sawdust and seedlings (Picea abies), pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris), and branches of juniper (Juniperus communis) was determined by gas chromatographic separation on a -Cyclodextrin column. For the six monoterpenes, -pinene, camphene, -pinene, sabinene, limonene, and -phellandrene, both enantiomers were present, whereas for 3-carene only the (+)-configuration was found. The amount of each enantiomer varied considerably both in relation to total amount of all of them, and for the six pairs also in relation to the opposite enantiomer. One olfactory receptor neuron in the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) showed a strong response to -pinene when stimulated with all four headspace materials via a GC equipped with a DB-WAX column. The same neuron was subsequently tested with repeated stimulations via the GC effluent containing the (+)- or (–)-enantiomer. A marked better response to (+)- than to (–)--pinene was elicited. Another olfactory receptor neuron that responded strongly to limonene when stimulated with the spruce volatiles was tested for enantiomers of limonene. This neuron responded more strongly to (–)- than to (+)-limonene, when stimulated alternately with each of the limonene enantiomers. Discrimination between enantiomers by plant olfactory receptor neurons suggests that the enantiomeric ratios of volatile compounds may be important in host location by the pine weevil.     

利用翅片管束外表面降膜反应脱除烟气中SO2的实验研究

A new wet flue gas desulfurization method by reaction across the falling liquid film on the outside surface of axial finned-tube bundle and its principles of removal of SO₂ are presented in this paper.The effects of different styles of tube bundle,and the pitch of tubes,flue gas velocity,gas-liquid ratio and flue gas temperature on desulphurization efficiency and the moisture content of flue gas are studied.The experiment results show that desulphurization effect is better for flue gas at 65℃,4.0m·s^-1 against the tube bundle of 10 rows with relative pitch of staggered rows S₁/d=2.1,S₂/d=1.8.     

粉煤灰吸附特性研究

在粉煤灰理化特性分析的基础上,对粉煤灰进行了物理激发和化学激发.研究结果表明：物理激发和化学激发均能提高粉煤灰的吸附活性.化学激发方法在反应温度为90℃、反应时间为12h、灰钙比为5、水固比为15时,粉煤灰的吸附活性提高最大.     

轻烃净化分离工艺安全高效运行措施探析

宝浪联合站轻烃工艺装置是宝浪油田甲级防火、一级防爆的关键装置。其主要功能是净化分离并回收原油中易挥发的轻质成分,生产以C3和C4为主要成分的液化石油气,分离出以C1和C2为主要成分的干气供宝浪油田油区发电和周边居民生活用气。在系统运行过程中,发现装置低温分离工艺中有不利于安全的因素,而消除这些因素对消除安全隐患、提高液化气产量和减少有效成分损失等起决定性的作用。     

利用波形分析技术预测塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层

针对塔河油田盐体覆盖区下奥陶统碳酸盐岩埋深大,储层非均质性强的特征,利用地震波形变化特征半定量识别和预测优质储层分布。波形分析法是根据碳酸盐岩储层裂缝和孔洞结构特有的非均质性,建立地质模型,结合地震波形分析和反射机理研究,确定储层与地震响应之间的对应关系,根据建立的碳酸盐储集层地震识别模式,进而对未知区域作储层预测。     

凝析气藏生产气油比混沌时间序列预测方法

混沌时间序列预测方法在油气田勘探开发过程中发挥着重要的作用。地下储层通常具有较强的非均质性,流体的流动也受到多种未知因素的影响,这也与各种混沌现象极为相似。根据相空间重构理论,应用遗传算法求取最小嵌入维数m及时间延迟τ,构建了混沌时间序列模型,并对牙哈凝析气藏两口井的生产气油比进行了模拟及预测,拟合误差小于6%。研究结果表明,该预测模型有较高的精度。     

有机固相沉积对储层的损害

定性分析有机同相沉积对储层的影响,定量研究有机固相沉积后储层的损伤情况.利用岩石-毛细管模型描述地层孔隙空间,并用孔隙度、渗透率与比面等的相互关系推导出有机同相沉积量与储地层参数的变化关系式.     

修正B-Y机械钻速预测模型在气体钻井中的应用

目前在已建立的钻压、转速、排量等钻井参数与机械钻速的关系模型中,最具代表性的为Bourgoyne和Young利用多元回归方法建立的各种钻井参数与机械钻速之间的关系模型。将Bourgoyne和Young的机械钻速预测模型应用于气体钻井中,并结合元坝103井的实钻资料进行分析,得到了气体钻井条件下机械钻速的预测模型。     

水平气井优化设计与应用

分析影响水平气井优化设计的地质因素、水平井最优长度、最优位置.结合水平井优化设计的实例分析,提供确定水平井最佳长度和位置的方法.