资源型城市可持续发展与产业转型升级研究——以四川省成熟型资源型城市为例

针对四川省成熟型资源型城市,在实地调研的基础上,梳理各城市的基本情况及发展现状。基于资源、经济、社会、生态环境4个方面的内容,构建成熟型资源型城市可持续发展评价指标体系,共包含4个一级指标和8个二级指标,并通过德尔菲法对各指标所包含的要素进行权重确定。对四川省9个成熟型资源型城市的发展状况进行实证分析,分析结果表明：攀枝花处于可持续发展状态;自贡、广元、广安处于中等可持续发展状态;绵竹、凉山、达州、兴文和雅安处于初级可持续发展状态。针对四川省9个成熟型资源型城市,分别提出产业转型升级的路径与建议。     

辽西雷家地区沙四段中-低熟烃源岩排烃效率与致密油-页岩油勘探前景

辽河西部凹陷雷家地区沙河街组四段在咸化闭塞湖湾环境下,发育高丰度厚层云质、方沸石质泥岩和页岩,整体处于低成熟阶段（R_o=0.3%~0.7%）。铸体薄片、扫描电镜分析表明,页岩储层广泛发育构造缝和收缩缝,碎屑矿物粒间孔发育,纳米孔主要为白云石、方沸石矿物溶蚀孔,有机质纳米孔不发育。采用TOC测井定量评价方法（ΔlgR法）明确了沙四段优质烃源岩（TOC>4%）的纵横向展布特征。其中,杜家台油层优质烃源岩和高升油层优质烃源岩均集中分布在雷家-陈家洼陷地区。排烃效率实验分析结果表明,在当前热演化程度下,烃源岩排烃效率在12%~17%,总生烃量在10~35 mg/g。由于高丰度烃源岩累积厚度大,估算雷家地区沙四段致密油-页岩油总资源量达1.37×10⁸ t。通过源-储组合综合分析,认为雷家地区沙四段杜家台油层为致密油-页岩油有利勘探区,高升油层为页岩油有利勘探区,由于各类岩性均具有一定的生烃潜力和储集能力,适合致密油-页岩油整体开发。     

中国南方高演化海相层系的古温标

通过对四川盆地东北部普光5井等188块钻井样品镜质体反射率(VR_o)等多项热演化分析数据,并结合沉积演化史的综合研究,认为:①VR_o或固体沥青反射率等效BR_o及伊利石结晶度等恢复的古地温可以作为良好的古温标,它反映的是该地层在有效受热时间内所经历的最高地层温度,古地温增高,VR_o或等效BR_o呈指数增加,有效受热时间越长,VR_o或等效BR_o也相对增大;②流体包裹体均一温度是研究地层所经历古温度和成藏期次最直接的古温标,其最高流体包裹体捕获或均一温度与VR_o等恢复的古地温相当,基本上代表了最高古地温,它还是成藏期次和不同时期热史恢复的有效指标;③磷灰石和锆石等(U-Th)/He的封闭温度也可以作为古温标,它与定年相配合可进行成盆和隆升造山的热史恢复;④高演化海相层系可根据VR_o或等效BR_o、最高包裹体均一温度、伊利石结晶度、磷灰石及锆石等(U-Th)/He封闭温度年龄等技术恢复最大古埋深、古地温及热史研究。     

成熟探区勘探发展基本特征

若干个成藏体系勘探过程的叠加形成了含油气盆地勘探的周期性特征,勘探发展就是不同成藏体系之间储量增长不断实现接替的过程.加强预探工作,保持合理的资源储量序列,不断提高资源接替能力是老区勘探发展的内在需求.勘探单元是能够整体部署、分步实施的最小地质单元,勘探单元的逐步细分是老区勘探深化发展的标志.善于转换思路才能引领老区勘探不断取得新发现.只有做到资源基础保障充分、勘探队伍稳定发展、内外部环境协调一致,才能确保储量的持续增长.研究成熟探区勘探发展的基本特征,可以为勘探管理、勘探战略决策研究提供有益的参考.      

山西老陈醋醋酸菌耐热性的研究

为提高山西老陈醋的出率,通过介绍老陈醋生产原理和醋酸菌的特性,对山西老陈醋生产用的醋酸菌进行耐热性研究。通过对菌种进行乙醇氧化筛选和产酸量测定后,筛选出优势菌株,将其在不同温度下培养测得产酸量,从而筛选出5株产酸量高的菌株。其中产酸快的产酸速度>0.04g/dL·h~(-),酒精转化率≥85%,6d产酸>6g/dL;耐高温的菌株在35℃时产酸量达4.964g/dL.     

Sex effects on net protein and energy requirements for growth of Saanen goats

Requirements for growth in the different sexes remain poorly quantified in goats. The objective of this study was to develop equations for estimating net protein (NP_G) and net energy (NE_G) for growth in Saanen goats of different sexes from 5 to 45 kg of body weight (BW). A data set from 7 comparative slaughter studies (238 individual records) of Saanen goats was used. Allometric equations were developed to determine body protein and energy contents in the empty BW (EBW) as dependent variables and EBW as the allometric predictor. Parameter estimates were obtained using a linearized (log-transformation) expression of the allometric equations using the MIXED procedure in SAS software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). The model included the random effect of the study and the fixed effects of sex (intact male, castrated male, and female; n = 94, 73, and 71, respectively), EBW, and their interactions. Net requirements for growth were estimated as the first partial derivative of the allometric equations with respect to EBW. Additionally, net requirements for growth were evaluated based on the degree of maturity. Monte Carlo techniques were used to estimate the uncertainty of the calculated net requirement values. Sex affected allometric relationships for protein and energy in Saanen goats. The allometric equation for protein content in the EBW of intact and castrated males was log₁₀ protein (g) = 2.221 (±0.0224) + 1.015 (±0.0165) × log₁₀ EBW (kg). For females, the relationship was log₁₀ protein (g) = 2.277 (±0.0288) + 0.958 (±0.0218) × log₁₀ EBW (kg). Therefore, NP_G for males was greater than for females. The allometric equation for the energy content in the EBW of intact males was log₁₀ energy (kcal) = 2.988 (±0.0323) + 1.240 (±0.0238) × log₁₀ EBW (kg); of castrated males, log₁₀ energy (kcal) = 2.873 (±0.0377) + 1.359 (±0.0283) × log₁₀ EBW (kg); and of females, log₁₀ energy (kcal) = 2.820 (±0.0377) + 1.442 (±0.0281) × log₁₀ EBW (kg). The NE_G of castrated males was greater than that of intact males and lower than that of females. Using degree of maturity for estimating NP_G and NE_G, we could remove the differences between sexes. These results indicate that NP_G and NE_G differ among sexes in growing Saanen goats, and this difference should be accounted for by feeding systems. Including the degree of maturity as predictor cancels out those differences across sexes in protein and energy requirements.     

关于混凝土结构实体强度检验的讨论

针对在贯彻执行GB 50204-2002混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范过程中值得进一步思考和适当解决的问题,就混凝土结构实体强度检验进行了探讨,提出了应注意的事项和建议,旨在更好地贯彻执行规范。     

高—过成熟页岩CH4/N2/CO2混合气体竞争吸附特征与地质意义

为研究高—过成熟页岩对N₂、CH₄及CO₂混合气体的竞争吸附特征及其地质意义,通过混合气体吸附—解吸装置,结合穿透曲线法,对四川盆地周缘NY?1井龙马溪组1 420.90 m、1 422.75 m、1 423.75 m和牛蹄塘组2 261.53 m、2 265.80 m、2 268.37 m 6个深度的岩样,开展了20 ℃、注气压力0.25 MPa条件下N₂、CH₄和CO₂等比例混合气体的竞争吸附实验,得到了各岩样对混合气体的竞争吸附规律;并通过低温N₂和CO₂吸附法,分析了6个岩样的孔隙结构,探究了其对竞争吸附的影响。结果表明：龙马溪组页岩中N₂出口端浓度有超过初始浓度的现象,而牛蹄塘组页岩中N₂、CH₄和CO₂出口端浓度均未超过初始浓度;实验结果与Yoon?Nelson模型拟合结果较好,R²值可达0.9以上,各岩样吸附速率常数均有N₂>CH₄>CO₂的规律,故N₂相较CH₄和CO₂可先被样品吸附,随后吸附速率慢的CH₄和CO₂被吸附,岩样对2种气体吸附选择性更强,所以将N₂置换出,导致龙马溪组岩样N₂出口端浓度超过初始浓度;龙马溪组岩样中微孔发育程度较高,孔径小、比表面积大、吸附能力强,能更好地吸附CH₄和CO₂这2种吸附选择性强的气体,使得已吸附的N₂被置换出,从而造成游离气中N₂浓度增加。实验结论为我国页岩气勘探开发提供了理论依据,同时对部分地区页岩气组分中N₂的成因具有一定指导意义。