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101.
In the absence of a bulk diffusion effect, it is shown for the first time that the impedance spectra for the chlorine evolution reaction on a rotating thin ring electrode comprise three consecutive semicircles in the capacitive half of the complex plane. The first (highest frequency) semicircle is due to the charge-transfer resistance for chloride discharge and the simultaneous chlorine adsorption coupled to the double-layer capacitance. The second semicircle (around 5 Hz) is due to the adsorption and desorption of a chlorine intermediate. The third (lowest frequency, around 0.5 Hz) semicircle is due to the relaxation of surface oxygen species. The impedance data allow the steps of the overall reaction to be examined individually. On a Pt surface the rate of chloride discharge and simultaneous chlorine adsorption (the admittance of the first semicircle) is first order with respect to chloride concentration and has a potential-dependence close to 58 mV/decade. The rate of the adsorption and desorption process (the admittance of the second semicircle) is second order with respect to chloride concentration, and has a potential dependence close to 30 mV/decade. The time constant for the adsorption/desorption processes is ca 20 ms, independent of electrode potential in the range studied. These features are consistent with a mechanism in which a faster discharge reaction (Cl− Clad + e) is followed by a slower surface combination reaction (2Clad → Cl2), but inconsistent with mechanisms in which ion + atom desorption is predominant, the initial chloride discharge is slow, or a unipositively charged chlorine species is involved. 相似文献
102.
Learning a sequence of target locations when the sequence is uncorrelated with a sequence of responses and target location is not the response dimension (pure perceptual-based sequence learning) was examined. Using probabilistic sequences of target locations, the author shows that such learning can be implicit, is unaffected by distance between target locations, and is mostly limited to first-order transition probabilities. Moreover, the mechanism underlying learning affords processing of information at anticipated target locations and appears to be attention based. Implications for hypotheses of implicit sequence learning are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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105.
Polyurethanes were prepared from pure 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 1,4-butane diol (BDO) or 1,2-ethane diol (EDO) and α,ω-hydroxyl poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) by reaction injection moulding (RIM). Hard segment (MDI + BDO or EDO) level was 45–50 wt%. The PPO had about 20% ethylene oxide copolymerized in at the chain ends to provide 80% primary OH end groups. Mn was varied from 2000 to 4000. Dibutyl tin dilaurate catalyst and mould temperature were varied. Dynamic mechanical, wide-angle X-ray, differential scanning calorimeter, molecular weight and tensile elongation measurements were made on the RIM polyurethanes. At low reaction rates (low catalyst or temperature) highly crystalline, well phase separated but low molecular weight polymers were produced. At high catalyst or temperature levels more poorly phase separated but high molecular weight, tough polymers resulted. Higher Mn PPO gave better phase separation and EDO gave higher melting temperatures. Preventing hard segment crystallinity by substituting asymmetric MDI or glycols resulted in phase compatibility. 相似文献
106.
Cis-1,4-polybutadiene (PB) in a 0.5% solution of a solvent mixture of dichloromethane and 1,2-dibromoethane or tetrahydrofuran was quantitatively brominated with elemental bromine at 0°C under careful exclusion of oxygen to head-to-head poly(vinyl bromide). Partially brominated PB has a structure of random or block sequences of butadiene units in the polymer depending on the bromination solvent but shows no stereospecificity in the CHBrCHBr-dyads. Partially brominated PB with block structure showed a microphase-separated morphology over a wide range of composition. Microphase separation is less pronounced for the more random structure of butadiene units. I.r and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy of the partially brominated PB was used to follow the progress of the bromination. 相似文献
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108.
石英砂脱水性能的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过大量试验结果 ,研究了各种粒度范围的石英砂的脱水性能 ,包括沉降特性、过滤性能、极限压缩浓度等 ,为进行此类产品的固液分离提供了重要的参考数据 相似文献
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Sei-Ichi Aiba Masato Izume Norihiko Minoura Yukihiko Fujiwara 《Polymer International》1985,17(1):38-40
Chitin membrane was prepared by casting a N,N-dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidone and lithium chloride (DMA-NMP-LiCl)solution of chitin and coagulating with several media. The effect of the coagulants on membrane formation was studied. 2-Propanol was found to be more favourable than methanol, ethanol, acetone and mixtures of 2-propanol and water. The membrane obtained in 2-propanol was subjected to annealing. Annealing made the membrane dense and strong. The tensile strength of the membrane annealed at 145°C for 2hr was about twice that of an unannealed membrane. The solute permeability of the annealed membranes was lower than that of the original one. These phenomena could be clearly interpreted in terms of crystallinity. 相似文献