长期低剂量微波辐照对大鼠血小板的L-精氨酸/NO系统的影响

目的:研究长期低剂量微波对大鼠血小板左旋精氨酸/一氧化氮(L-arginine nitric oxide pathway,L-Arg/NO)系统的影响,为长期暴露于低剂微波下血小板功能的影响提供实验依据.方法:采用峰值功率为5W/cm2的微波辐照健康成年雄性SD大鼠,1小时/天,连续40天,而后检测辐照后大鼠尾部出血时间、血清NO(nitric oxide)含量、血小板源性NO(platelet-derived nitric oxide,PDNO)含量及血小板一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)活性的变化.结果 微波辐照组与对照组相比,尾部出血时间显著缩短(P＜0.01),血清NO含量、PDNO含量及血小板NOS活性均有非常显著的降低(P＜0.01).结论:长期低剂量微波辐照后NO的抗血小板聚集作用减弱,血小板活化与血小板L-Arg/NO系统功能紊乱有关.     

Function of Graphene Oxide as the “Nanoquencher” for Hg2+ Detection Using an Exonuclease I-Assisted Biosensor

Graphene oxide is well known for its excellent fluorescence quenching ability. In this study, positively charged graphene oxide (pGO25000) was developed as a fluorescence quencher that is water-soluble and synthesized by grafting polyetherimide onto graphene oxide nanosheets by a carbodiimide reaction. Compared to graphene oxide, the fluorescence quenching ability of pGO25000 is significantly improved by the increase in the affinity between pGO25000 and the DNA strand, which is introduced by the additional electrostatic interaction. The FAM-labeled single-stranded DNA probe can be almost completely quenched at concentrations of pGO25000 as low as 0.1 μg/mL. A simple and novel FAM-labeled single-stranded DNA sensor was designed for Hg²⁺ detection to take advantage of exonuclease I-triggered single-stranded DNA hydrolysis, and pGO25000 acted as a fluorescence quencher. The FAM-labeled single-stranded DNA probe is present as a hairpin structure by the formation of T–Hg²⁺–T when Hg²⁺ is present, and no fluorescence is observed. It is digested by exonuclease I without Hg²⁺, and fluorescence is recovered. The fluorescence intensity of the proposed biosensor was positively correlated with the Hg²⁺ concentration in the range of 0–250 nM (R² = 0.9955), with a seasonable limit of detection (3σ) cal. 3.93 nM. It was successfully applied to real samples of pond water for Hg²⁺ detection, obtaining a recovery rate from 99.6% to 101.1%.     

Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation

Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.     

难选高硫低品位硫化铅锌矿分选工艺研究与探讨

某难选高硫低品位硫化铅锌矿石,主要有价元素Pb、Zn、Fe和S含量分别为2.45%、2.76%、26.76%和30.63%,主要赋存矿物分别是方铅矿、铁闪锌矿和黄铁矿,含量分别为2.97%、4.76%和54.65%;矿石中方铅矿和铁闪锌矿含量较低,而黄铁矿含量超过55%,有用矿物含量差异极大;有用矿物间关系密切,存在相互共生和相互包裹,属于难选硫化铅锌矿石。为确定合理工艺流程,进行了全优先浮选、铅硫部分混合浮选及等可浮选等方案的对比试验研究。结果表明,全优先浮选得到的铅精矿Pb品位和锌精矿Zn品位均很低,通过该流程很难得到合格的铅精矿和锌精矿,主要原因为大量黄铁矿难以有效抑制,同时添加大量石灰调整pH对矿浆环境产生不利影响;铅硫部分混合浮选得到的铅精矿Pb品位偏低,但Zn回收率偏低,造成该问题主要原因为部分铁闪锌矿与黄铁矿存在连生未解离,同时大量铅硫混合精矿经再磨后黄铁矿难抑制;而等可浮选即铅硫等可浮+铅硫分离—锌硫等可浮+锌硫分离工艺流程可得到铅精矿Pb品位60.41%、Pb回收率82.38%,锌精矿Zn品位48.75%、Zn回收率81.59%的良好指标,该流程对大量黄铁矿进行了分段...     

应用于超薄栅氧化CMOS器件的两种电荷泵改进技术的比较

本文提出了High-low multi-frequency(HLMF)和Average bottom-top-pulse(ABTP)两种电荷泵改进技术,用于提高表征超薄栅氧化CMOS器件界面缺陷的精度.结果表明,在电荷泵技术测量过程中,这两种改进技术能非常有效地扣除漏电流.同时,也分析了电荷泵电流曲线的几个典型特性.由于ABTP技术是用静态模式测量漏电流,所以,在大的负Vbase端,电荷泵电流曲线的尾部出现大的波动.通过比较,我们发现HLMF具有更高的精度,可以作为用于提升表征超薄栅氧化CMOS器件界面缺陷精度的一种重要技术.     

金属镁中锌的测定

根据国际市场对金属镁的特殊要求,笔者探索出了一套金属镁中锌的检测方法。该方法符合国际要求,而且具有准确、高效的特点。     

High Temperature Oxidation of FGH96 P/M Superalloy

High temperature oxidation behaviors of FGH96 P/M superalloy have been studied in air at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000℃. By means of isothermal oxidation testing,X-ray diffraction,SEM(scanning electron microscopy),and EDS(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analyses,the oxidation kinetics as well as the composition and morphology of scales were investigated. Thermodynamic calculations were used to explain the oxidation mechanism. The results showed that as the oxidation temperature increased,the oxidation rate,the scale thickness,and scale spallation increased. FGH96 P/M superalloy exhibits good oxidation resistance at temperature below 800℃. The oxidation kinetics follows an approximately parabolic rate law,and the oxide layer was mainly composed of Cr2O3,TiO2,and a little amount of NiCr2O4. The oxidation is controlled by the transmission of chromium,titanium,and oxygen through the oxide scale.     

石墨烯基导热薄膜的研究进展

随着现代技术的发展,散热和导热已成为制约芯片器件小型化和大功率制造业发展的关键问题之一。由于传统的金属导热材料存在密度大和易氧化等问题,近年来以石墨烯基材料为代表的非金属碳基材料逐渐成为国内外的研究热点。本文综述了近年国内外石墨烯导热薄膜的制备方法及最新研究成果,分析讨论了热处理工艺、晶粒尺寸、薄膜密度及杂质原子和缺陷等对石墨烯导热薄膜性能的影响和物理机理,并对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。