10%苯醚菌酯悬浮剂防治葡萄霜霉病田间药效试验

进行了10%苯醚菌酯悬浮剂防治葡萄霜霉病田间药效试验。结果表明,10%苯醚菌酯悬浮剂是防治葡萄霜霉病的较好药剂,其防效较高,在葡萄霜霉病发病初期施药,可有效控制病害的发生蔓延,并有一定的持效性。在试验剂量范围内对葡萄安全。建议施用剂量为10%苯醚菌酯悬浮剂500～1000倍液(100～200 mg/L),在发病初期施药。     

ZnO纳米薄膜在竹材表面的生长及防护性能

在低温溶液反应体系下,通过晶种形成和晶体生长两步法在竹材表面培育ZnO纳米结构薄膜,应用场发射环境扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和X射线能谱仪(EDAX)对薄膜形态和结构进行表征,重点研究种子液浸渍时间对纳米薄膜形态及竹材防霉和抗光变色性能的影响.研究结果表明,在生长时间一定的前提下,竹材在种子液中经过0.5 h、1 h和2 h的浸渍,其表面可形成壁厚为50～80 nm的网状结构薄膜,使竹材的防霉性能和光稳定性得到显著改良;当种子液浸渍时间增加到4 h,网状结构薄膜则被大量直径约700 nm的ZnO圆片所覆盖,虽然此时竹材的防光变色性能保持不变,但防霉性能下降,表明纳米网状结构对于充分发挥ZnO防护性能起到重要作用.     

HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn和GC-MS比较陈皮、橘皮和霉变橘皮中的化学成分

橘皮是陈皮的原料,很容易感染指状青霉而发生霉变。文中运用HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn和GC-MS技术分析了陈皮、橘皮以及霉变橘皮中化学成分,比较了三者的总黄酮和总多酚的含量。结果表明:陈皮、橘皮以及霉变橘皮中的非挥发性成分很相似,但是挥发性成分差别很大,同时它们的总黄酮和总多酚含量也不同。柑橘种植过程中使用的杀虫剂,在霉变橘皮中却没有检出。     

导致牛肉干产品霉变菌种的分离及鉴定

利用菌种分离鉴定技术,对某工厂留样分析的发霉牛肉干产品进行确认。以菌落生长状况作为综合评价依据,鉴定导致该产品霉变的主要霉菌为帚状曲霉(Aspergillus penicillioides)。该菌嗜高渗透压,只在干燥的基物上生长,在很低的水分活度(0.75)下也能生长,但是在水分活度0.7以下则生长缓慢。对企业生产的指导性建议为：加强工人清洁卫生,内包车间的空气洁净度,同时控制牛肉干产品的水分活度在0.7以下,可以有效防止货架期期间霉变的产生。     

9种杀菌剂二元复配对橡胶白粉病的增效试验

[目的]橡胶粉孢为害橡胶树嫩叶、嫩梢及花序,严重威胁橡胶产量,目前生产上主要使用粉锈宁防治,导致一些地区的病原菌产生了抗药性。在单剂研究基础上采用Horsfall法分析,并用共毒系数法验证了三唑类、咪唑类和甲氧基丙烯酸酯类9种杀菌剂二元复配对橡胶粉孢的增效作用。[结果]具有增效作用的复配剂配比如下:氟环唑和吡唑醚菌酯配比6∶4、8∶2,四氟醚唑和氟菌螨酯配比1∶9～4∶6,三唑酮和氟菌螨酯配比9∶1,氟菌唑和氟菌螨酯配比8∶2,氟硅唑和唑菌酯配比7∶3～9∶1,四氟醚唑和唑菌酯配比6∶4,三唑酮和唑菌酯配比5∶5、8∶2,氟菌唑和唑菌酯配比7∶3～8∶2,四氟醚唑和唑胺菌酯配比9∶1,氟菌唑和唑胺菌酯8∶2～9∶1。[结论]毒性比率超过1.8的配比增效都很明显,共毒系数测定结果与Horsfall法的定性分析结果吻合。共毒系数有随着毒性比率增加而增大的趋势,但两者的增长不完全成正比。     

Synthesis and Biological Characterization of (Z)-9-Heptadecenoic and (Z)-6-Methyl-9-Heptadecenoic Acids: Fatty Acids with Antibiotic Activity Produced by Pseudozyma flocculosa

Difficulties in isolating and purifying antibiotic fatty acids from culture filtrates of Pseudozyma flocculosa, a biocontrol agent against powdery mildew, have been limiting factors in studying the properties and understanding the mode of action of the biocontrol agent. We report a new protocol for synthesizing (Z)-9-heptadecenoic and for the first time synthesis of (Z)-6-methyl-9-heptadecenoic acids, two antibiotic fatty acids produced by P. flocculosa. This allowed reproducible and quantifiable means of assaying biological activity of the molecules. In these bioassays, both molecules exhibited antifungal activity corresponding to their expected potency. These new developments should facilitate further studies aimed at deciphering the ecological properties of P. flocculosa.     

High-Density Mapping and Candidate Gene Analysis of Pl18 and Pl20 in Sunflower by Whole-Genome Resequencing

Downy mildew (DM) is one of the severe biotic threats to sunflower production worldwide. The inciting pathogen, Plasmopara halstedii, could overwinter in the field for years, creating a persistent threat to sunflower. The dominant genes Pl₁₈ and Pl₂₀ conferring resistance to known DM races have been previously mapped to 1.5 and 1.8 cM intervals on sunflower chromosomes 2 and 8, respectively. Utilizing a whole-genome resequencing strategy combined with reference sequence-based chromosome walking and high-density mapping in the present study, Pl₁₈ was placed in a 0.7 cM interval on chromosome 2. A candidate gene HanXRQChr02g0048181 for Pl₁₈ was identified from the XRQ reference genome and predicted to encode a protein with typical NLR domains for disease resistance. The Pl₂₀ gene was placed in a 0.2 cM interval on chromosome 8. The putative gene with the NLR domain for Pl₂₀, HanXRQChr08g0210051, was identified within the Pl₂₀ interval. SNP markers closely linked to Pl₁₈ and Pl₂₀ were evaluated with 96 diverse sunflower lines, and a total of 13 diagnostic markers for Pl₁₈ and four for Pl₂₀ were identified. These markers will facilitate to transfer these new genes to elite sunflower lines and to pyramid these genes with broad-spectrum DM resistance in sunflower breeding.     

Characterization of the Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Leaf Rust Carried by the Bread Wheat Cultivar Victo

Leaf rust and powdery mildew are two important foliar diseases in wheat. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, obtained by crossing two bread wheat cultivars (‘Victo’ and ‘Spada’), was evaluated for resistance to the two pathogens at seedling stage. Upon developing a genetic map of 8726 SNP loci, linkage analysis identified three resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs), with ‘Victo’ contributing the resistant alleles to all loci. One major QTL (QPm.gb-7A) was detected in response to Blumeria graminis on chromosome 7A, which explained 90% of phenotypic variation (PV). The co-positional relationship with known powdery mildew (Pm) resistance loci suggested that a new source of resistance was identified in T. aestivum. Two QTLs were detected in response to Puccinia triticina: a major gene on chromosome 5D (QLr.gb-5D), explaining a total PV of about 59%, and a minor QTL on chromosome 2B (QLr.gb-2B). A positional relationship was observed between the QLr.gb-5D with the known Lr1 gene, but polymorphisms were found between the cloned Lr1 and the corresponding ‘Victo’ allele, suggesting that QLr.gb-5D could represent a new functional Lr1 allele. Lastly, upon anchoring the QTL on the T. aestivum reference genome, candidate genes were hypothesized on the basis of gene annotation and in silico gene expression analysis.     

新型连续豆豉洗霉机的原理及结构

介绍豆豉酿造的新型洗霉设备——连续式豆豉洗霉机的原理和设计思路，连续式的豆豉洗霉机的使用，使米曲酶类型的豆豉成品更光亮井减小苦涩味，有利于提高豆豉的产品质量和生产效率；有利于减少工人的劳动强度和建造良好的生产环境；有利于提高劳动生产力和实现酿造行业的机械化。     

纳米复合抗菌剂在粉末涂料中的应用

制备了添加有复合纳米抗菌剂的粉末涂料，试验表明抗菌粉末涂料在涂膜附着性、力学性能、耐酸碱性、耐候性等方面都符合行业标准，所制备的抗菌粉末涂料具有良好的抗菌效果，能够满足涂料行业的使用要求。