提高复合驱油体系的抗钙镁能力研究

针对中原油田的胡状原油 ,在已筛选出SD驱油剂的基础上 ,在配方中添加两性离子表面活性剂 ,使原有配方的抗钙镁能力由 35 0mg/L提高到 2 0 0 0mg/L。并在SD复合驱油体系中进行了阳离子聚合物抗钙镁能力的研究。     

注N_2对原油性质及组成的影响研究

对注N2后原油性质及组成变化进行分析研究,研究表明地层注入N2较难达到混相,属于非混相驱;注气后饱和压力上升快,原油体积系数增加,但增加量逐渐变小,依靠氮气增溶驱油的效果受到一定影响;N2对原油中轻烃组分有一定的抽提作用,导致原油变重,可能会形成沥青质沉淀而影响原油的流动能力。     

Effects of Rheological Behavior of Viscoelastic Surfactants on Formation Damage in Carbonate Rocks

Viscoelastic surfactants (VES) are used in various oilfield applications such as matrix stimulation and enhanced oil recovery. The loss of surfactants during the propagation of VES could result in a significant reduction in the permeability of the rock (formation damage). The objective of the current work was to identify the effect of rheological behavior of the VES on the formation damage using core‐flooding experiments, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. A combination of core‐flooding, NMR, and SEM techniques was used to quantify and identify the location of formation damage in carbonate core samples. The viscosity and storage modulus strongly depend on the nature and concentration of salts. The viscosity increased by increasing the salt concentration up to a specific point (15 wt% CaCl₂) and then starts decreasing. The VES formulations that displayed the maximum and minimum viscosities were used to identify the impact of rheological behavior on formation damage. Core‐flooding experiments were performed to assess the formation damage due to high‐viscosity and low‐viscosity VES formulations. The reduction in the permeability of carbonate rocks reaches more than 90% of the initial permeability. It was found that low‐viscosity VES caused more damage compared with high‐viscosity VES when they were used at constant concentrations. NMR and core‐flooding results revealed that the damage took place both in pore body and pore throat. However, most of the surfactant was retained at the pore throat.     

碱对污水配液化学驱体系性能影响研究

随着新疆油田化学驱不断推广,对配液用水的需求越来越大。出于环保的要求,使用油田污水替代清水配制化学驱溶液已成为油田生产的必然选择。但油田污水中含有硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）等干扰物,对化学驱体系的黏度保留率和界面张力有着较大影响。通过分析新疆油田72号站稀油污水的成分,考察了不同碱对污水配液化学驱体系的黏度保留率、界面张力以及驱油效率的影响。结果显示,NaOH能够较好地抑制硫酸盐还原菌,进而提高化学驱体系的黏度保留率,但需要质量分数达到1%以上才能使界面张力达到10^-3 mN/m;Na₂CO₃也能抑制硫酸盐还原菌,增强体系的黏度保留率,但效果比NaOH差,其界面活性高,质量分数达到0.2%以上就能让体系界面张力达到10^-3 mN/m;NaHCO₃不能抑制硫酸盐还原菌,因此该体系的黏度保留率最低,其界面张力只能达到10^-1 mN/m。驱油结果显示,NaOH污水体系在注入化学剂阶段,采出液的含水率最低下降至67%,且维持低含水时间较短;而Na₂CO₃污水体系可以将采出液的含水率下降至64%,且维持低含水率时间较长。     

空气泡沫驱技术的研究现状及展望

介绍了空气泡沫驱技术的起源、国内外研究现状,空气泡沫驱驱油机理以及目前空气泡沫驱技术的不足和发展趋势,指出空气泡沫驱技术研究体系的形成、驱油机理的进一步研究、腐蚀问题、产出气体处理以及注气过程中安全风险问题分析是今后研究方向。空气泡沫驱技术可望成为油田挖潜剩余储量最经济有效的方法之一。     

中国城市内涝防治与大小排水系统分析

近年来,由于我国城市内涝灾害频发,如何科学、有效地解决城市内涝成为政府与专业人员关注的热点.简要分析、总结了城市内涝的成因及洪涝关系、我国城市内涝防治思路的局限性以及部分发达国家针对洪涝的分类与治理情况.然后针对大小排水系统的概念、组成、应用情况及其局限性进行了系统梳理,并提出积极推进风险评估,为大小排水系统科学的规划设计提供科学依据.最后选择某城区和大型住宅区两个不同尺度的典型案例,简要介绍其大小排水系统构成与规划设计和内涝综合防治的要点和效果.     

Urban flood impact assessment: A state-of-the-art review

Flooding can cause major disruptions in cities, and lead to significant impacts on people, the economy and on the environment. These impacts may be exacerbated by climate and socio-economic changes. Resilience thinking has become an important way for city planners and decision makers to manage flood risks.

Despite different definitions of resilience, a consistent theme is that flood resilient cities are impacted less by extreme flood events. Therefore, flood risk professionals and planners need to understand flood impacts to build flood resilient cities. This paper presents a state-of-the-art literature review on flood impact assessment in urban areas, detailing their application, and their limitations. It describes both techniques for dealing with individual categories of impacts, as well as methodologies for integrating them. The paper will also identify future avenues for progress in improving the techniques.     

环境因素对硫酸盐还原菌生长的影响

研究了油田注水井中分离的硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）的生长特性,结果表明：ＳＲＢ菌株不是严格的厌氧菌,它能面耐受４．５ｍｇ／Ｌ肖度的溶解氧,但在９．０ｍｇ／Ｌ的高溶解氧浓度下不能生长,ＮａＣｌ浓度小于０．８１８％时ＳＲＢ可正常生长,在０．９７２％～２．２８％时只能在水下沉积物中生长,大于２．４５％时生长完全受到抑制,铁离子浓度增大,ＳＲＢ代谢活力增强,生长高峰期延长,Ｆｅ＾２＋限制ＳＲＢ生长的浓度长完全     

矿井瞬变电磁法在煤矿中的探测方法及异常特征分析

基于矿井瞬变电磁原理,分析了固定平移法、转换角度法、综合法等矿井瞬变电磁探测工作方法及其适用范围。通过实例研究了断层裂隙水、充水陷落柱、采空区积水、导水裂缝带等矿井瞬变电磁探测异常特征,结果表明:矿井瞬变电磁对各个含水异常体的反应较为明显,且呈现出不同的异常特征。通过矿区井下含水构造实地探测和井下巷道超前探测跟踪试验,研究了瞬变电磁探测的准确率,统计得出矿井瞬变电磁整体探测成功率约为86.2%,是井下比较实用的探测水害的物探方法。     

井下注聚管径对聚合物溶液流动影响

聚合物驱油技术被广泛应用在石油开采中,在地面工艺流程及地层渗流等方面对其做了大量研究,但对注聚井注入管柱工艺方面的研究较少,而井下注聚管径对聚合物溶液井下流动有重要影响。本文针对单管分层注聚工艺,基于幂律流体圆管层流流动理论,研究不同浓度的聚合物溶液在不同日注入量下的流态、表观黏度、管壁应变速度等参数受井下注聚管径影响的变化规律。研究表明,随着管径的减小,溶液的Re值缓慢增大,且属于层流;当管径减小到一定程度后,Re值急剧增大,由层流向紊流过渡;之后,随管径继续减小,Re值迅速攀升,彻底变为紊流。随着管径的变化,Re值会发生"突变",且日注入量越小,这种"突变"现象越明显。聚合物溶液流动时的表观黏度随注聚管径的增大而增大,但增大速率逐渐减小;会随流量的增大而减小,减小的速率逐渐增大。溶液流动时的平均速度梯度随注聚管径的减小而增大,增大速率逐渐增大;应通过优选注聚管径保持合理的应变速度,进而减小聚合物溶液的黏度损失。本文的研究结果,对注聚工艺的管柱尺寸设计和黏度变化规律认识有指导意义。