Modelling topology optimization problems as linear mixed 0–1 programs

This paper deals with topology optimization of discretized continuum structures. It is shown that a large class of non‐linear 0–1 topology optimization problems, including stress‐ and displacement‐constrained minimum weight problems, can equivalently be modelled as linear mixed 0–1 programs. The modelling approach is applied to some test problems which are solved to global optimality. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

置换通风与个体化微环境控制

介绍了传统的全空间空调方式，指出全空间空调方式不能同时为所有人提供可接受的热感觉和室内空气品质，而置换通风和个体化控制的联合将是一种理想的空调方式，在更大程度上满足人们的不同需要。     

降凝剂对高蜡稠油的改性效果及机理研究

实验研究了工业品原油降凝剂WHP改善含蜡56.9%、其中96.6%为正构烷烃的胜利郑王庄稠油流动性的效果。WHP含乙烯/醋酸乙烯/乙烯醇嵌段聚醚三元共聚物30%-35%。在60℃将WHP加入稠油中,测定其凝点和32℃、0-42.6 s^-1范围5个剪切速率下的黏度,均随WHP加量的增加（50-300 mg/L）而降低,200 mg/L为最佳加量,在该加量下0.32 s^-1黏度由34.16 Pa·s降至79.2 mPa·s,凝点（℃）、屈服值（Pa）、稠度系数（Pa·s^n）分别由49.0、32.42、31.57降至39.5、0.1297、0.02142,流型指数由0.1176升至0.9790。由黏温曲线求出,加入200mg/L WHP使该稠油析蜡点由65℃降至58℃,反常点由70℃降至50℃。根据空白和加剂原油扫描电镜照片显示的蜡晶形态,利用共晶机理分析讨论了WHP这种高分子表面活性剂的降凝、降黏、改善流动性的作用。图3表3参5。     

浅谈气泡混合轻质土的特点及应用

结合高速公路的发展,分析了气泡混合轻质土的设计机理,详细地介绍了气泡混合轻质土的工程特性,阐述了气泡混合轻质土在公路建设中的应用,最后对气泡混合轻质土的应用前景进行了展望。     

Polyethylene mixed crystal infra-red spectroscopy: The influence of matrix isotopic species on guest conformation

The chain conformation of solution-crystallized polyethylene has previously been confirmed by infra-red spectroscopy, using the CD₂ bending bandshape for samples with a minority of the deuterated species^1–3. The method of calculating the i.r. band profile from molecular conformational models is now developed to give a more accurate representation of doublet splittings and to include the singlet component. The CH₂ bending profile is calculated for samples with a deuterated matrix, and the good agreement with experimental data indicates that the same molecular model is applicable for samples with the deuterated polymer as either guest or matrix, for identical crystallization conditions. This result implies that isotopic fractionation is unimportant under these conditions.     

蒸馏与减粘热联合装置的设备腐蚀及防护

介绍了锦西石化分公司南蒸馏与减粘热联合装置炼制辽河高酸值原油及带炼高硫进口油在 2 0 0～40 0℃范围内对设备、管线和阀门的腐蚀特点、腐蚀机理以及针对高温环烷酸腐蚀所采取的防护措施。通过试验和理论分析 ,提出了应用新材料和新工艺解决减粘后高温渣油系统的腐蚀及低温露点腐蚀的建议     

储层石蜡沉积预测技术研究与应用

在油田开发过程中 ,由于油藏温度、压力等条件的变化 ,高含蜡原油在近井带容易产生石蜡沉积 ,堵塞地层孔隙或裂缝 ,严重影响油田开采 ,尤其对于低渗油田 ,伤害特别严重。文中应用理想溶液理论、质量守恒和能量守恒等基本原理 ,建立更符合油田实际情况的油藏中石蜡沉积预测数学模型 ,开发一套方便实用的油藏中石蜡沉积预测软件系统FPOS1 0。在此基础上 ,应用室内实验数据和现场数据对吉林新民油田油井石蜡沉积情况进行预测和现场拟合 ,确定新民油田临界石蜡沉积半径为 2 5m ,快速、准确地为现场清防蜡措施提供理论依据。     

非化学计量LaNi5型储氢合金的性能

采用富La混合稀土与Ni、Co、Mg等元素组合，获得了一种非化学计量LaNi5型储氢合金、用金相、XRD和SEM-EDX等方法分析了该合金的组织结构，研究了合金的气相储氢特性以及电化学性能，结果表明：在1.6MPa氢压和温度29℃下，该合金的储氢量达到1.58%（质量分数），该合金的放电容量为380mAh/g。经300次循环后容量保持率为55%，该合金的基体是CaCu5型结构的LaNi5相，但有第二相（LaMg)Ni3析出，这种第二相的形成是导致该合金大容量的关键。     

Optimal Operation of Reservoir Systems using Simulated Annealing

A stochastic search technique, simulated annealing (SA), is used to optimize the operation of multiple reservoirs. Seminal application of annealing technique in general to multi-period, multiple-reservoir systems, along with problem representation and selection of different parameter values used in the annealing algorithm for specific cases is discussed. The search technique is improved with the help of heuristic rules, problem-specific information and concepts from the field of evolutionary algorithms. The technique is tested for application to a benchmark problem of four-reservoir system previously solved using a linear programming formulation and its ability to replicate the global optimum solution is examined. The technique is also applied to a system of four hydropower generating reservoirs in Manitoba, Canada, to derive optimal operating rules. A limited version of this problem is solved using a mixed integer nonlinear programming and results are compared with those obtained using SA. A better objective function value is obtained using simulated annealing than the value from a mixed integer non-linear programming model developed for the same problem. Results obtained from these applications suggest that simulated annealing can be used for obtaining near-optimal solutions for multi-period reservoir operation problems that are computationally intractable.     

常减压蒸饱装置几起典型硫腐蚀事例分析

随着高（含）硫原油加工量的增加,硫腐蚀事故也时有发生。通过对常减压装置硫腐蚀事例进行分析,指出合理的混炼比,加强“一脱三注”管理,材料升级和实施腐蚀监测是防止腐蚀事故发生的有效措施。