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71.
M. Perez-Luna J.A. Toledo-Antonio F. Hernandez-Beltrán H. Armendariz A. García Borquez 《Catalysis Letters》2002,83(3-4):201-207
The effect of alumina and nickel in sulfated ZrO2 as a catalyst for n-butane isomerization was investigated. Samples were synthesized by supporting nickel sulfated zirconia on boehmite and then calcining the material. The crystalline structure of ZrO2 was studied by X-ray powder diffraction and refined by the Rietveld method. Surface areas were determined by N2 adsorption and BET analysis, while the acid properties were studied by NH3 adsorption. The chemical reaction was carried out in a fixed-bed microreactor at 338 K under atmospheric (78 kPa) or 245 kPa total pressure. Results showed that either nickel or alumina improved the catalytic activity, but a synergic effect was observed when both components assisted. The catalytic activity was related to the relative content of tetragonal zirconia and acid site density. Alumina stabilized tetragonal zirconia increased the acid site density and presumably led to a better dispersion of nickel oxide. The catalytic activity could be related to both oxidation and acid sites produced by nickel. A bimolecular reaction mechanism helps explain the observed trends. The increase in the reaction rate would be explained by the increase in the rate of the initial step of dehydrogenation either caused by a better dispersion of nickel or higher operating pressure. 相似文献
72.
Cooperative adaptive cruise control(CACC)vehicles are intelligent vehicles that use vehicular ad hoc networks(VANETs)to share trafc information in real time.Previous studies have shown that CACC could have an impact on increasing highway capacities at high market penetration.Since reaching a high CACC market penetration level is not occurring in the near future,this study presents a progressive deployment approach that demonstrates to have a great potential of reducing trafc congestions at low CACC penetration levels.Using a previously developed microscopic trafc simulation model of a freeway with an on-ramp—created to induce perturbations and trigger stop-and-go trafc,the CACC system s efect on the trafc performance is studied.The results show signifcance and indicate the potential of CACC systems to improve trafc characteristics which can be used to reduce trafc congestion.The study shows that the impact of CACC is positive and not only limited to a high market penetration.By giving CACC vehicles priority access to high-occupancy vehicle(HOV)lanes,the highway capacity could be signifcantly improved with a CACC penetration as low as 20%. 相似文献
73.
J. N. Armor 《Catalysis Letters》2007,114(3-4):115-121
Perspectives are offered for reducing the impact of huge amounts of CO2 produced today from power generation and transportation vehicles. The origins of the dilemma between the world’s increasing
use of hydrocarbons as an energy source and the cogeneration of CO2 which results as a co-product are discussed. Hydrocarbons will provide much of the fuel needs for these major, global industries
for the next 20 years and meet 60% of the world’s energy demand. With the growth of both power generation and transportation
vehicles around the world, CO2 levels will continue to increase in the atmosphere. Renewables such as wind, dams, and biomass will not be able to handle
all the energy demand. Technology breakthroughs are needed to reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels, which will be
aggravated by the drive to use more coal. Current approaches for removing CO2 are discussed as well as near term and future options with particular focus on how catalysis can offer some solutions. In
particular, solar photocatalysis based approaches offer a potentially viable energy solution. 相似文献
74.
CeO2–ZrO2–La2O3 (CZL) mixed oxides were prepared by citric acid sol–gel method. The as-received gel was calcined at 500, 700, 900 and 1050 °C to obtain the so-called C5, C7, C9 and CK, respectively. The C5, C7 and C9 powders were impregnated with H2PtCl6 and then calcined at 500 °C to prepare P5C5, P5C7 and P5C9, respectively. The impregnated CK powders were calcined at 500, 700 and 900 °C to prepare P5CK, P7CK and P9CK, respectively. The XRD and XPS analyses show that the surface distribution of Pt is evidently influenced by the structural and textural properties of the support. The CO adsorption followed by FTIR reveals that the dispersion and the chemisorption sites of Pt are reduced as the calcination temperature of CZL support increases. The chemisorption ability of the CK samples is even completely deactivated. The encapsulation mechanism, which has been applied to explain the so-called strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) after reductive treatment, is introduced here to demonstrate the abnormal observations though the samples were prepared in oxidative atmosphere. The HRTEM results also confirm this explanation. The effects of oxygen vacancies, the chemisorption sites on the Pt surface and Pt/Ce interfacial sites on the three-way catalytic activities are discussed. 相似文献
75.
醇酮装置废酸水中副产物的回收利用探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
分析了醇田装置副产物的生成过程和借鉴国外辞酮装置废酸水和皂化废碱液的回收利用技术,提出了合并浓缩、脱过氧化氢生产混合二元酸及硝酸后氧化、结晶、真空间歇精馏相结合分高己二酸、戊二酸、丁二酸的两种回收利用的工艺方法,并提出了两个工业化装置的设想,对治理废酸水提出了建设性意见。 相似文献
76.
气动退化图像中存在先验信息未知以及噪声成分复杂不易进行滤波处理的问题,为此,提出一种气动退化图像混合域去噪算法。设计针对高斯噪声、泊松噪声、固定值脉冲噪声和随机值脉冲噪声的混合检测方法,使用改进的滤波方法在空域去除固定值脉冲噪声和随机值脉冲噪声,进行非下采样轮廓波变换多层分解,在变换域使用阈值方法去除高斯噪声和泊松噪声。进行噪声循环检测,设定迭代停止条件控制算法循环从而实现算法自适应。仿真实验结果表明,该算法的噪声检测性能和滤波性能较好,图像细节信息得到正确恢复。同时,算法复杂度较低,实时性较好,可满足气动退化图像去噪处理的需要。 相似文献
77.
介绍了几种胶辊用混炼硅橡胶的配制,包括低硬度胶辊用混炼硅橡胶、低环硅氧烷含量的胶辊用混炼硅橡胶、送纸胶辊用混炼硅橡胶及工业胶辊用混炼硅橡胶的配制。 相似文献
78.
Coordination between strategic forest management and tactical logistic and production planning in the forestry supply chain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jiehong Kong Mikael Rönnqvist 《International Transactions in Operational Research》2014,21(5):703-735
In this paper, we study the coordination mechanism in the forestry supply chain between strategic forest management and tactical production planning. We first formulate an integrated model to establish a theoretical benchmark for performance of the entire supply chain. It is a mixed integer programming model that involves harvesting, bucking, transportation, production, and sales decisions for both tactical and strategic planning levels. We then present two sequential approaches S‐A and S‐B where the coordination is done through internal pricing. S‐A is the approach currently used in practice where harvesting in the forest is the main driver of the supply chain activities and internal pricing is introduced to control bucking decision in a separate stage. In contrast, S‐B takes downstream demand information into consideration and internal pricing directly influences harvesting decision in the first stage. In order to find the appropriate setting of internal pricing that leads to the system optimum, we suggest two heuristics H‐I and H‐II. The internal pricing in H‐I is based on dual values and in H‐II, it is derived from a Lagrangian decomposition. A real‐life case study in the Chilean forestry industry is used to compare the results of different approaches. It is shown that the new sequential approach S‐B generates as good feasible solution as that obtained from the integrated approach but in much less time. Both heuristics H‐I and H‐II bring about near‐optimal feasible solutions. H‐II also provides optimistic bound of the optimal objective function value, which can be used as a measure of the solution quality. 相似文献
79.
首先介绍了面向智能交通系统(Intelligent Transportation System,ITS)的无线接入网网络结构和主要业务,对车路协同业务和PTT语音业务进行了分析和建模。然后根据不同业务的特点及QoS需求提出具有针对性的调度方案:对于车路协同业务,采用适应车速的动态调度方法;对于PTT语音业务,采用基于状态转换的调度方法;对于视频和其他对时延不敏感的数据业务,采用缓存请求的调度方式。最后在OPNET平台上对调度方法进行仿真,针对各种ITS业务得出延时、丢包率等性能曲线,验证了算法的有效性,这也为ITS接入网的网络设计提供了参考。 相似文献
80.