A computational model for analysing interactive buckling and delamination growth in composite structures

In this paper, a unified method is presented: (i) to model delaminated stiffened laminated composite shells; (ii) for synthesising accurate multiple post-buckling solution paths under compressive loading; and (iii) for predicting delamination growth. A multi-domain modelling technique is used for modelling the delaminated stiffened shell structures. Error-free geometrically nonlinear element formulations — a 2-noded curved stiffener element (BEAM2) and a 3-noded shell element (SHELL3) — are used for the finite element analysis. An accurate and simple automated solution strategy based on Newton type iterations is used for predicting the general geometrically nonlinear and postbuckling behaviour of structures. A simple method derived from the 3-dimensionalJ-integral is used for computing the pointwise energy release rate at the delamination front in the plate/shell models. Finally, the influence of post-buckling structural behaviour and the delamination growth on each other has been demonstrated.     

Gildes model studies of aqueous chemistry. III. Initial SO2-induced atmospheric corrosion of copper

The GILDES computer model, incorporating Stumm's concept of proton- and ligand-promoted dissolution, has been used to simulate the exposure of copper at room temperature to 210 ppb sulfur dioxide and 80% relative humidity. The agreement is good between the calculations and laboratory exposures performed under these exposure conditions. Surface reactions are relatively more important at lower relative humidities and the dominant corrosion products formed are solid state Cu₂SO₃, CuSO₃ and Cu₂U. Free-radical redox processes are important participants and control the relative distribution of Cu(I)- and Cu(H)-containing corrosion products.     

核电厂放射性监测系统仿真的数学物理模型

较详细地介绍了在北京核电厂模拟培训中心的模拟器上建立ＲＭＳ仿真系统的工作。首先对仿真的原型进行分析和简化，建立数学物理模型，并对包括ＲＣＳ、ＰＺＲ、ＳＧ、ＣＶＣＳ等的近２０个核电厂系统进行了动态仿真建模，确定ＲＭＳ各监测点放射性水平仿真读数的计算方法，最后，给出部分仿真实验结果，以验证数学物理模型的可靠性和适用性。     

Dynamics Modelling of Hexaslides using the Decoupled Natural Orthogonal Complement Matrices

In this paper, dynamic model of a class of parallel systems, namely, the hexaslides, is proposed. The model developed is based on the concept the decoupled natural orthogonal complement (DeNOC) matrices, introduced elsewhere. The dynamic model of hexslides, though complex due to the existence of multi-loop kinematic chains, is required for actuator power estimation, computed-torque control, optimum tool trajectory generation, etc. The use of DeNOC offers many physical interpretations, recursive algorithms, and parallel computations. Using the proposed dynamic model, a parallel inverse dynamics algorithm has been presented to compute the actuator forces. This is useful to choose suitable motors for an application. An illustration is provided using an existing machine tool based on hexaslides, namely, the HexaM, while it is carrying out a circular contouring. Secondly, the effect of leg and slider inertias is also studied, which clearly suggests that neither of these can be neglected while finding the actuator forces.     

Uncertainty Matters: Computer Models at the Science–Policy Interface

The use of computer models offers a general and flexible framework that can help to deal with some of the complexities and difficulties associated with the development of water management plans as prescribed by the Water Framework Directive. However, despite the advantages modelling presents, the integration of information derived from models into policy is far away from being trivial or the norm. Part of the difficulties of this integration is rooted in the lack of confidence policy makers have on the incorporation of modelling information into policy formulation. In this paper we examine the reasons for this apparent lack of confidence and explore how some tools, presently in use, address this problem. We conclude that public confidence in models is highly dependent on the way uncertainties are addressed and suggest possible directions of action to improve the current situation. Four real case studies illustrate how computer models have been used in The Netherlands for carrying out management plans at regional and national scale. We suggest that the solution to integrate modelling information into policy formulation lies on both the modelling and the policy-making communities.     

Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of fibre-reinforced composite materials — a review

A framework is presented for examining the effectiveness of limiting and modelling arguments used in the analysis of fluid flows. It consists of examining the consequences of the arguments on the flow problem as a whole and breaking down the limiting/modelling process into a sequence of steps and associated sequence of flow problems, termed here as ‘lidels’. The notion of validity of lidels is given. Several examples are given to explain the present approach. Invited general lecture at 3rd ACFM, Tokyo, September 1986     

多工况多级离心压缩机总体优化命题的建模与数值方法

介绍了多工况 点的压缩机最优模拟设计点的特点及相应的优化建模，包括目标函数的建立、约束条件的确立和计算方法，使满足该模拟设计点要求的压缩机在逼近优目标函数最大值的同时，兼顾各真实工况运行点都在较好效率下工作，并列出了基于模型级数据库的优化设计实例。     

Mathematical modelling of a reverse flow reactor with catalytic surface dynamics

This paper studies a system of partial differential equations modelling the behaviour of a reverse flow reactor. For the parameters appropriate for the oxidation of ammonia on a Pt/Al₂O₃ catalyst in a typical laboratory set-up, the reactor may be split into regions where approximate formulas that determine its behaviour are deduced. Numerical calculations are presented and can be used to compare with the analytical formulas. The physical insight gained from the asymptotic analysis suggests a new switching strategy which is the subject of numerical experiments. The switching strategy is found to be efficient at minimising the ammonia exiting the reactor after reversal.     

Semantic Transparency,Brain Monitoring and Evaluation of Hybrid Cognitive Architectures

In constructing hybrid systems, there is a need for a principled basis to determine the relative roles or functions of artificial neural network and symbolic approaches. The primary objective of the work to be reported is the construction of a conceptual and methodological framework that permits an iterative sequence in which a hybrid model predicts the basis of cognitive performance and an objective analysis of performance provides empirical data, evaluating (and thus constraining) the structure and processes of the model. In seeking a linkage between a hybrid model of cognition and human performance the concept of “semantic transparency” has been adopted, since it can be used in analyzing and describing both the chracteristics of a model of cognition and the processes underlying human performance. An overview of a specific, ”strong” hybrid architecture is presented. The characteristics of the virtual machines which compose it and the nature of their interaction are illustrated. An approach to the questions of evaluation is described based on empirical data obtained by brain monitoring of subjects during cognitive performance.