窄分布低乙烯基线型液体聚丁二烯的环氧化反应

采用负离子聚合法设计合成了分子量分布(MWD)窄、乙烯基含量低的线型液体聚丁二烯(NDLPB),然后用过氧甲酸原位法制备了不同环氧度的环氧化线型液体聚丁二烯(ENDLPB),并以其为偶联剂合成了梳状聚丁二烯,通过核磁共振法对ENDLPB的环氧度和结构进行了表征,考察了ENDLPB环氧度的影响因素.结果表明,随着ENDLPB环氧度的增加,环氧基特征峰逐渐增强,顺式-1,4-结构和反式-1,4-结构含量减小,1,2-结构含量不变;随着NDLPB数均分子量(~￣M_n)的增加,ENDLPB的环氧度减小,且~￣M_n略有增大,MWD约为1.08;以~￣M_n为2 450、MWD为1.07的NDLPB为反应物,在H_2O_2/NDLPB(摩尔比)为0.5、甲酸/NDLPB(摩尔比)为 0.4、反应温度为50 ℃的条件下反应2 h,可获得环氧度约为33%的ENDLPB,且实验的重复性良好;改变ENDLPB用量可获得不同偶联度的梳状聚丁二烯.     

上海源水中DOM的分子质量及去除特性

采用分子质量排除高性能液相色谱仪 (SE—HPLC)对长江和黄浦江原水及经常规处理出水中溶解性有机物 (DOM)的分子质量分布进行了测定 ,原水中DOM分子质量分别为 80 0～ 44 0 0u和 80 0～ 1130 0u。长江原水经常规处理后的DOM分子质量分布基本不变 ,对不同分子质量的物质均有不同程度的去除 ,且分子质量越低 ,常规处理对UV2 60 的去除率也越小 ;而黄浦江原水经常规处理后有机物的分子质量分布向低分子侧推移 ,表明对大分子的去除率优于小分子 ,特别是对分子质量 <30 0 0u有机物的去除率极低。     

不同分子质量区间腐殖酸的氯化反应特性研究

以自配的腐殖酸水样为研究对象,投加次氯酸钠对其进行消毒,考察了消毒过程中三卤甲烷、卤乙酸的生成量及DOC、UV254、A410、A465/A656的变化情况。结果表明,分子质量为50—100ku的腐殖酸为生成三卤甲烷和卤乙酸的最主要前体物;消毒反应后,各分子质量区间腐殖酸的DOC、UV254和A410都有不同程度的下降,且对小分子质量腐殖酸的DOC、UV254和A410的去除率高于对大分子质量腐殖酸的;A465／A656的变化表明消毒过程中腐殖酸的分子质量呈下降趋势。     

磁头/磁盘表面保护膜及抗吸附分子膜研究

在中国国家自然科学基金重大项目《先进电子制造中的重要科学技术问题研究》资助下，针对2nm厚度的DLC薄膜的制备和磁头、磁盘间的吸附等问题，探索“磁头、磁盘表面润滑规律和超薄保护膜的生长机理及技术”，目标是寻找磁头、磁盘表面超薄DLC薄膜新的制备方法和制备工艺，发现超薄DLC保护膜的生长机理和生长极限，开发磁头表面抗吸附分子膜的制备技术。报告研究所取得的体系化理论成果。 为了制备厚度为2nm的超薄DLC薄膜，使用FCVA技术代替磁控溅射和CVD技术。通过优化制备参数，制备出厚度为2nm，表面粗糙度为0.128nm，并且连续均匀的DLC薄膜。探索基体形貌对薄膜生长模式的影响规律。发现在脉冲偏压幅值-100V、占空比20%条件下制备的薄膜性能最优     

聚酯分子量分布对可纺性的影响

根据不同聚酯切片在常规指标相同的情况下可纺性往往不同，重点介绍用凝胶渗透色谱法和筛析色谱法对聚酯的低分子成分及分子量分布的检测研究，以及分子量分布对可纺性具有的重要意义。     

Antifungal Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Peanuts,Gari, and Orange Fruit Juice against Food Aflatoxigenic Molds

This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from some Cameroonian food commodities against mycotoxigenic and spoilage molds. Following LAB isolation, the antifungal activity of the isolates was assessed. The organic acids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and the ability of the LAB to reduce mold biomass and aflatoxin production was evaluated. The LAB were identified and the biopreservative potential of strain LO3 was evaluated on tomato paste. Nine percent of the strains isolated showed broad antifungal activity. The activity was due to the effect of organic acids comprising lactic, acetic, 4-hydroxy-3-phenyllactic and 3-phenyllactic acids. Lactobacillus plantarum LO3 exhibiting the highest and broadest antifungal activity was selected and showed the capacity to inhibit fungal growth and aflatoxin production in vitro. Moreover, this strain and its cell-free supernatant showed the ability to prevent aflatoxigenic mold growth in tomato paste without altering its physico-chemical and organoleptic properties.     

采前低聚壳聚糖处理对冬枣果实抗病性的诱导

为提高冬枣抗病性,延长保鲜期,采用采前低聚壳聚糖喷施处理冬枣树,低温贮藏,分析研究了枣果实发病情况及抗病性。结果表明,壳聚糖处理明显降低了发病率和发病指数,集中发病期推迟6d,提高了枣果实中总酚的含量,且显著增加了贮藏前期冬枣的类黄酮含量;显著增加了PPO、POD和PAL的活性,其中POD活性最高可达对照组的4.46倍,PAL活性最高可达对照组的3.19倍。     

分子蒸馏精制L-乳酸的研究

研究了用分子蒸馏方法对L 乳酸进行精制的工艺。粗乳酸不需要进行其他脱水及脱色方法处理 ,只需通过 2次分子蒸馏 ,即可得到高纯度的L 乳酸。考察了操作过程中蒸馏温度、进料速率、刮膜器转速等对L 乳酸收率及纯度的影响。     

Application of high density steam flash-explosion in protein extraction of soybean meal

The high density steam flash-explosion (HDSFE) was used to extract protein from soybean meal. Soybean meal samples were treated at 1.3 MPa and 1.8 MPa for 60 s, 120 s and 180 s, respectively. After HDSFE treatment at 1.8 MPa for 180 s, the extraction yield of protein was increased from 50.50% to 65.66% compared with untreated soybean meal. The emulsification properties and fat-binding capacity of soy protein isolate (SPI) extracted from soybean meal treated by HDSFE were all improved compared with SPI extracted from untreated soybean meal and white flakes. Molecular weight distribution analysis of SPI showed that after HDSFE treatment the peak with molecular weight about 504 kDa and 43.3 kDa disappeared and the peak with molecular weight about 669 kDa increased indicating protein aggregation. Gel electrophoresis showed that high molecular weight aggregates of protein have been formed by covalent bond.     

浅谈微生物测定方法在药品和食品质量控制中的应用

近几年来,微生物测定的技术与方法不断的突破和更新,这为食品和药品中污染物的快速检测带来了便捷。与传统方法相比,微生物检测的新技术会提供更灵敏、精确和可重复的结果。对微生物检测分析新技术分子生物学技术、免疫学快速筛选技术、脉冲场电泳技术等进行了简单的介绍。随着当今社会人们对食品安全的更加关注,这些新技术将在食品和药物的微生物检测中得到广泛的应用。