钒球的中子倍增率与活化反应率

以一直径138cm的聚乙烯球作为中子慢化剂与全吸收探测器，采用全吸收法测量了钒球的14MeV中子的泄漏倍增率。用1支与H对热中子具有相同1／V吸收规律的^6Li玻璃探测器的测量子全吸收体的径向中子计数率分布。实验得到了钒球中心D－T中子时的Al、Fe、In和V一组阈探测器的绝对活化反应率的分布。用MCNP／4A程序、ENDF／B－Ⅵ和FENDL－2核数据进行了模拟计算。与实验结果相比较可知：用ENDF／B－Ⅵ库数据的计算结果与实验结果符合良好，而用FENDL－2库数据的计算结果比实验结果约高4％。     

中国先进研究堆冷中子导管的模拟研究

应用蒙特卡罗方法对中国先进研究堆(CARR)上的两条冷中子导管CNG1和CNG2的设计方案进行了模拟研究。在假定的冷中子源谱分布下,两条导管出口处的中子注量率均达到1×109cm-2·s-1以上。CNG1和CNG2的中子传输效率分别为50%和42%,中子束最大发散角分别为2 2°和1 9°。中子束沿水平方向的分布均匀,其最大起伏不超过3%。重力显著影响中子束沿垂直方向的分布。     

252Cf中子活化核燃料棒235U富集度均匀性检测装置

采用^252Cf中子活化方法研制燃料棒^235U富集度均匀性检测设备，用慢化后的^252Cf中子照射燃料棒，使燃料棒UO2芯块中的^235U发生裂变，通过测量其裂变产物的γ射线总强度对燃料棒^235U富集度及其均匀性进行在线检测。采用1．2mg的^252Cf中子源，能检测出燃料棒中^235U富集度相对偏差土10％的单个混料芯块，单根燃料棒的检测速度可达7m/min，检测结果的置信概率为97．74％。     

岷江试验堆Q15孔道中子谱测量试验的研究

为了确定岷江试验堆(简称MJTR)堆芯铍反射层内中子能量E >1.0MeV的快中子注量率,采用一组中子探测片测量了岷江试验堆内第一层铍反射层外Q15孔道内的快中子注量率谱,并由测量谱求得各阈能探测片的快中子反应的谱平均截面和该孔道测量点位置的快中子注量率。结果表明,铍反射层内快中子(E>1.0MeV)注量率为1.985×1012 cm-2·s-1,MJTR每运行一段,铍反射层内快中子(E>1.0MeV)积分注量最大可达1.54×1018cm-2。通过本次试验研究,为更好的开发利用MJTR提供了试验依据。     

堆泵浦3He-Ar-Xe激光体系小信号增益与效率实验研究

介绍了CFBR-Ⅱ堆泵浦3He-Ar-Xe体系1.73μm波长激光小信号增益和泵浦效率的实验研究.在脉冲峰热中子注量率为6.9×1014cm-2.s-1、3He、Ar、Xe气体的比例为80.219.30.5,总压强为8.3×104Pa时,采用透射率从1.7%到10%的6个谐振腔输出镜均获得了激光输出.在谐振腔输出镜透射率为7%时,得到了激光脉冲峰功率为45mW,其对应的激光泵浦效率为1%.在此基础上,利用Rigroa分析方法拟合出3He-Ar-Xe体系激光的小信号增益为0.24%/cm,饱和光强为36W/cm2.     

核动力堆安全壳内外中子能谱和剂量测量

利用自制的多球谱仪测量了某核动力反应堆安全壳内外的中子能谱和剂量当量率。对安全壳外测量，中心探测器为球形^3He正比计数管；对安全壳内测量，中心探测器为球形金箔。系统的响应函数用MCNP程序计算，解谱程序为MIEKEB。为验证系统响应函数计算的准确性，进行了一些实验测量，并与理论计算结果进行了比较。结果表明，测量结果与计算结果在不确定度范围内相吻合。     

D-T中子穿透铁球伴生γ射线泄漏能谱实验研究

建立了系列厚度为3、6、11、16、21．8cm的铁球基准装置。用BC-501A谱仪测量了D-T中子穿透铁球伴生γ射线泄漏能谱，能量范围为0．5～5MeV。通过能谱分析，观测到铁球厚度对能谱有一定影响。利用MCNP4A程序和t-2、ENDF／B-V、ENDF／B-Ⅵ和FENDL-2等数据库对实验进行了模拟计算，并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较。γ射线能谱实验误差为4％～6％。     

Multidataset Refinement Resonant Diffraction,and Magnetic Structures

The scope of Rietveld and other powder diffraction refinements continues to expand, driven by improvements in instrumentation, methodology and software. This will be illustrated by examples from our research in recent years. Multidataset refinement is now commonplace; the datasets may be from different detectors, e.g., in a time-of-flight experiment, or from separate experiments, such as at several x-ray energies giving resonant information. The complementary use of x rays and neutrons is exemplified by a recent combined refinement of the monoclinic superstructure of magnetite, Fe₃O₄, below the 122 K Verwey transition, which reveals evidence for Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ charge ordering. Powder neutron diffraction data continue to be used for the solution and Rietveld refinement of magnetic structures. Time-of-flight instruments on cold neutron sources can produce data that have a high intensity and good resolution at high d-spacings. Such profiles have been used to study incommensurate magnetic structures such as FeAsO₄ and β–CrPO₄. A multiphase, multidataset refinement of the phase-separated perovskite (Pr_0.35Y_0.07Th_0.04Ca_0.04Sr_0.5)MnO₃ has been used to fit three components with different crystal and magnetic structures at low temperatures.     

Structural approach to nanoscience: a case study of complex and cluster formation in ZnBr2–ZnCl2 melts

Although the melt structure of glass-forming ZnCl₂ has so far been well studied, there exists quite little information on the structural change due to anion-substitution. In the present work, the short-range structure of ZnCl₂–ZnBr₂ mixture melts was analyzed systematically by time-of-flight pulsed neutron diffraction techniques, Raman spectroscopy, molecular orbital calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations. According to radial distribution analysis, it was found that there were tetrahedral structural units of ligand-substituted [ZnCl_nBr_4−n]²⁻ (n=0–4) in these melts, not implying the simple mixing of [ZnCl₄]²⁻ and [ZnBr₄]²⁻ units. Further detailed estimation indicated that the ligand-substituted complex anions were linked with each other by sharing a common anion.     

中子照相技术及其应用

本文简述中子照相的原理、方法和特征。包括中子源 ,中子转换屏 ,中子成像技术等关键技术。给出在 4 5MV静电加速器上快中子照相的结果。并概述中子照相技术的一些应用实例