陆相断陷湖盆高频层序特征及其沉积演化——以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沙三下亚段为例

岩相及其组合有规律地分布于层序地层格架内。通过岩心观察和样品测试数据综合分析,基于T（湖进）-R（湖退）层序划分方法,系统分析了渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷古近系沙三下亚段陆相断陷湖盆关键层序界面特征、变化形式、构成样式及分布模式,总结出沙三下亚段的沉积层序演化模式。研究结果表明：①沙三下亚段关键层序界面类型主要有区域性的最大湖泛面和层序界面;②层序变化形式主要有向上变浅的R半旋回、向上变深的T半旋回和稳定旋回3种,层序单元构成可归为3种类型,分别为快升慢降型、慢升快降型和均一型;③沙三下亚段为一完整的三级层序,可划分为4个四级层序,对应早期湖进体系域（早期LTST）、晚期湖进体系域（晚期LTST）、早期湖退体系域（早期LRST）和晚期湖退体系域（晚期LRST）,四级层序和划分的五级层序单元具有全区的可对比性和完整性;④济阳坳陷沙三下亚段湖平面在总体快升慢降的背景下,主要经历4个变化阶段——早期LTST的快速上升阶段、晚期LTST的缓慢上升阶段、早期LRST的缓慢下降阶段及晚期LRST的下降阶段。层序演化过程中,构造沉降、沉积物供给和气候条件等因素在不同阶段所起的作用不同,从而造成层序格架内岩相及其组合分布的差异。     

巴布亚盆地烃源岩分布及生烃潜力评价

以构造、沉积演化为基础,结合钻井、录井、地球化学等资料,分析巴布亚盆地中–新生界烃源岩的发育与分布,结果表明,该区发育4套烃源岩,侏罗系烃源岩为主力烃源岩。中生界侏罗系主要发育三角洲相泥质烃源岩,白垩系主要发育滨浅海相泥质烃源岩;新生界中新统和上新统主要发育滨浅海相泥质烃源岩。综合考虑烃源岩厚度、有机质丰度和成熟度这三个方面,对巴布亚盆地主要生烃层位的生烃潜力进行评价。     

数据规则化技术在焉耆盆地老资料处理中的应用

焉耆盆地种马场构造带三维地震资料受地震采集面元、地震采集方位等不同因素的影响,部分地区地震资料存在空道或缺道,偏移距不均衡。整个工区覆盖次数差异较大,叠前道集振幅不均衡,造成偏移划弧、偏移噪声大,不利于叠前偏移成像。应用GEOVATION公司的数据规则化技术,有效地解决了偏移距分布不均匀的问题,提高了资料的信噪比,在焉耆盆地马1井地区三维地震老资料重新处理中取得了较好的效果。     

PETROLEUM SYSTEMS MODELLING IN A FOLD‐AND‐THRUST BELT SETTING: THE INVERTED CAMEROS BASIN,NORTH‐CENTRAL SPAIN

The Mesozoic Cameros Basin, northern Spain, was inverted during the Cenozoic Alpine orogeny when the Tithonian – Upper Cretaceous sedimentary fill was uplifted and partially eroded. Tar sandstones outcropping in the southern part of the basin and pyrobitumen particles trapped in potential source rocks suggest that hydrocarbons have been generated in the basin and subsequently migrated. However, no economic accumulations of oil or gas have yet been found. This study reconstructs the evolution of possible petroleum systems in the basin from initial extension through to the inversion phase, and is based on structural, stratigraphic and sedimentological data integrated with petrographic and geochemical observations. Petroleum systems modelling was used to investigate the timing of source rock maturation and hydrocarbon generation, and to reconstruct possible hydrocarbon migration pathways and accumulations. In the northern part of the basin, modelling results indicate that the generation of hydrocarbons began in the Early Berriasian and reached a peak in the Late Barremian – Early Albian. The absence of traps during peak generation prevented the formation of significant hydrocarbon accumulations. Some accumulations formed after the deposition of post‐extensional units (Late Cretaceous in age) which acted as seals. However, during subsequent inversion, these reservoir units were uplifted and eroded. In the southern sector of the basin, hydrocarbon generation did not begin until the Late Cretaceous due to the lower rates of subsidence and burial, and migration and accumulation may have taken place until the initial phases of inversion. Sandstones impregnated with bitumen (tar sandstones) observed at the present day in the crests of surface anticlines in the south of the basin are interpreted to represent the relics of these palaeo‐accumulations. Despite a number of uncertainties which are inherent to modelling the petroleum systems evolution of an inverted and overmature basin, this study demonstrates the importance of integrating multidisciplinary and multi‐scale data to the resource assessment of a complex fold‐and‐thrust belt.     

THERMOGENIC PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF THE NANKAI SUBDUCTION ZONE,OFFSHORE SW JAPAN

In the Kumano forearc basin, offshore SW Japan, the potential occurrence of hydrocarbons has been inferred from both geophysical surveys which point to the presence of natural gas hydrates, and geochemical analyses of gas samples recovered from boreholes and submarine mud volcanoes. The forearc basin is located in the inner part of the Nankai Trough where the Philippine Sea plate is subducting northwards beneath SW Japan. The basin succession unconformably overlies a deformed accretionary prism complex. Hydrocarbons with both microbial and thermogenic origins have been recorded in the Kumano Basin, but the thermogenic petroleum potential is poorly constrained because the regional‐scale geological architecture of the Nankai subduction zone is not well understood. In this paper, the regional‐scale petroleum potential of the Nankai Trough is investigated based on the geological interpretation of new seismic reflection images. The images were derived from legacy seismic survey data using advanced processing techniques such as reverse time migration, which make use of both primary and multiple reflections in wide‐angle seismic data collected with ocean‐bottom seismographs. In the study area, a seaward‐dipping reflector was identified which terminates at the plate boundary décollement and which is interpreted as part of the boundary between previously‐identified older (>14 Ma) and younger (<6 Ma) accretionary prisms. A triangle body at the base of the younger accretionary prism is interpreted to consist of underthrusted sediments including thick hemipelagic mudstones with source rock potential which were scraped off the down‐going oceanic plate. These tentatively identified, deeply‐buried mudstones may have the potential to generate thermogenic hydrocarbons which may then migrate upwards along dipping carrier beds or faults and fractures to the unconformity at the base of the Kumano forearc basin succession. The presence of hydrocarbons in the accretionary prism may be inferred from positive amplitude anomalies which have been identified in the reprocessed multi‐channel seismic data. The new reflection interpretations therefore allow the potential for thermogenic petroleum to be proposed in the study area. The hydrocarbon potential at this subduction margin may therefore rely not only on shallow microbial methane, but may also involve deeper, thermogenic petroleum generated within the underlying accretionary prism.     

Optimal allocation of water resources in large river basins: I. Theory

The major purpose of this paper is to present the useful techniques in the optimal allocation of water resources (OAWR) and to demonstrate using water resources applications how these methods can be conveniently employed in practice for systematically studying both simple and complex water resources problems. Formal modelling techniques in multiobjective decision-making provide many benefits to professionals working in water resources and elsewhere. A new Large-system Hierarchical Dynamic Programming (LHDP) method to solve the model can be carried out to ascertain the consequences of meaningful parameter changes upon the optimal or compromise solution.As a case study, the techniques and methods are applied to the OAWR of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) of China. The next paper shares with the reader recent research results on the OAWRYRB.Notation L _i inflows from the trunk stream in the subregioni. - S _i run-off volume of the river sectioni. - Q _i net inflows of intervals in the subregioni. - W _i volumes of water drawn the trunk stream ofi into subdistricti. - H _i volumes of water returning to the trunk stream in the subdistricti. - B _i(W _i) the maximum net benefits (in hundred million yuan) from the annual-water consumption ofW _iin subregioni. - W _ik the annual-water consumption (in hundred million m³) of sectorK in subregioni, k = 1, 2, 3, 4. - B _ik(W _ik the maximum net benefits (in hundred million yuan) from the annual consumptionW _ikof sectork in subregioni. - BS _i(S _i) the maximum net benefits (in hundred million yuan) obtained from the optimal allocation of the run-off volumeS _iof river trunki among different sectors within the months of a year.     

基于支持向量回归机的长期径流预报 及不确定性分析

根据汉江流域皇庄站1981-2008年逐月径流量与1980-2007年逐月74项环流指数、北太平洋海温场、500hPa高度场的相关关系,利用逐步回归挑选预报因子,构建基于遗传算法的支持向量回归机模型(GA-SVR),并对2009-2013年逐月径流量进行预报;结果表明,径流预报精度较高,汛期平均相对误差在30%以内,非汛期、年总量平均相对误差在20%以内,均优于随机森林和多元线性回归模型。将GA-SVR模型的预报结果作为概率预报的基础,采用贝叶斯理论中的水文不确定性处理器(HUP)对预报的可靠度进行分析;结果表明,HUP不仅可以提供精度更高的定值预报,还能以置信区间的方式量化预报的可靠度,提供更为丰富的预报信息。     

中国新增石油和天然气探明地质储量特征

为进一步掌握中国石油和天然气探明地质储量增长趋势,分析了2010—2019年中国新增石油和天然气探明地质储量分布和变化特征。结果表明:2010—2019年,中国新增石油探明地质储量主要分布在鄂尔多斯盆地、渤海湾盆地、准噶尔盆地等地区,以中浅层—中深层为主;新增天然气探明地质储量主要分布在鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地、塔里木盆地、东海陆架盆地等地区,以中深层—超深层为主。石油和天然气储量品质变差,丰度变低,埋深变大。中国新增油气探明储量的增长,主要集中在岩性地层油气藏、非常规油气藏、深层油气藏等领域。     

中国新增石油和天然气探明地质储量特征

为进一步掌握中国石油和天然气探明地质储量增长趋势,分析了2010—2019年中国新增石油和天然气探明地质储量分布和变化特征。结果表明:2010—2019年,中国新增石油探明地质储量主要分布在鄂尔多斯盆地、渤海湾盆地、准噶尔盆地等地区,以中浅层—中深层为主;新增天然气探明地质储量主要分布在鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地、塔里木盆地、东海陆架盆地等地区,以中深层—超深层为主。石油和天然气储量品质变差,丰度变低,埋深变大。中国新增油气探明储量的增长,主要集中在岩性地层油气藏、非常规油气藏、深层油气藏等领域。     

梯形断面消力池扩散型消能计算

针对目前NB/T 35023—2014《水闸设计规范》只涉及矩形断面消力池,未涉及梯形断面消力池消能计算的问题,基于水力学基本理论和数值分析理论对梯形断面消力池消能计算进行研究,推导了梯形断面收缩水深的解析计算式以及梯形断面消力池扩散型消能跃后共轭水深基本方程,并利用高次方程求解理论分别给出棱柱体梯形断面跃后共轭水深的解析计算式和扩散型消能跃后共轭水深的简易迭代求解公式,并根据消能计算方程,给出梯形断面消力池扩散型消力池池深、池长的计算式。工程实例计算结果表明,所提出计算式精度可靠。