Surface modification of macroporous Al2O3 tubes with carbon-doped TiO2 intermediate layer and preparation of highly permeable palladium composite membranes for hydrogen separation

ABSTRACT

To prepare H₂-permeable palladium composite membranes, a novel carbon-doped microporous TiO₂ intermediate layer was introduced to modify the surface of macroporous Al₂O₃ substrates. The Pd/TiO₂–C/Al₂O₃ membrane was prepared via electroless plating, and thereafter, carbon residue in the intermediate layer was removed by calcination in air, yielding a Pd/TiO₂/Al₂O₃ membrane. Experimental results indicate that the carbon residue shrinks the pore size of the intermediate layer and facilitates a decrease of membrane defects. Additionally, carbon removal induces a higher effective membrane area at the permeate side, which enhances hydrogen permeability. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy (E_A) and stability of the as-prepared Pd/TiO₂/Al₂O₃ membrane were investigated.     

风拖曳力系数和曼宁系数对风暴潮流模拟的影响

利用0205号威马逊台风期间实测风暴增水和风暴潮流数据,采用NCEP FNL和台风模型风场的融合风场作为驱动项,建立了覆盖东海的三维风暴潮流数值模型,研究风拖曳力系数和曼宁系数对风暴增水和风暴潮流的影响。计算结果表明:(1)风拖曳力系数取值应考虑随风速变化。表层风暴潮流受风拖曳力系数影响较大,中层和底层风暴潮流基本不受影响。(2)风暴潮流结构在一定程度上取决于曼宁系数;曼宁系数对中层和底层风暴潮流影响大于表层,曼宁系数越大,底摩擦阻力越大,风暴潮流垂向分层越明显。(3)风暴增水和风暴潮流对曼宁系数的响应不同,建立模型时,应同时率定风暴增水和风暴潮流。     

自重施加方式对高拱坝廊道结构应力及配筋的影响

自重工况一般是高拱坝内廊道配筋设计的控制工况,由于高拱坝施工过程的特殊性及复杂性,有限元计算中自重有多种施加方式。结合工程实例,对高拱坝基础廊道结构进行三维有限元分析,比较不同自重施加方式对廊道结构应力及配筋的影响。研究结果表明:按整体自重考虑时,廊道结构应力及配筋面积明显偏小;全部按分缝自重考虑时,廊道结构应力及配筋面积明显大于按施工过程考虑自重的结果;为符合实际施工过程及结构承载规律,保证结构安全及经济合理,在拱坝结构的有限元计算中应按照施工过程考虑自重荷载。该研究成果对泄洪孔结构的应力分析也具有参考价值。     

Influence of activated carbon pore structure on oxygen reduction at catalyst layers supported on rotating disk electrodes

Carbon materials are often used as catalyst supports, and for catalysts in electrodes of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, carbon black has been used. Recently, it was found, however, that activated carbon could replace carbon black and besides, significantly improve the activity of the electrode catalyst layer for oxygen reduction. In the present study, to optimize the pore structure of activated carbon for further activity improvement, the influence of the pore structure on the activity was investigated using activated carbon of various specific surface areas and mean pore diameters. A catalyst layer was formed from activated carbon loaded with platinum and a polymer electrolyte. The activity of the layer was measured in an oxygen-saturated perchloric acid solution, supporting the layer on a rotating glassy carbon disk electrode. We found that increases in the specific surface area and mean pore diameter increased the activity and that the latter was more effective than the former mainly due to the enhanced mass-transfer in the pores; the catalyst layer formed from activated carbon with the largest mean pore diameter was the most active. Unless pores excessively develop and lose connections between particles, a large pore diameter is therefore desired for the fuel cell electrodes.     

高压旋喷锚杆在黄土深基坑支护中的模拟研究

为了研究高压旋喷锚杆支护体系在黄土深基坑工程中的工作性状,选取西安某深基坑支护工程为研究对象,运用MIDAS/GTS软件对该支护体系进行了有限元数值模拟,并与二次注浆锚杆支护体系的模拟结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:两种基坑支护方式均可满足该基坑支护的技术要求,但采用高压旋喷锚杆支护时,需要锚杆的总长度为二次注浆锚杆长度的62%,且高压旋喷锚杆筋体可实现回收,降低了锚杆施工对周围土层的干扰,其在黄土地区高边坡及深基坑支护工程中有着广阔的应用前景。     

用新的理念规划建设现代石化物流园区

论述石化物流园区的规划建设问题。提出用新的理念规划建设现代石化物流园区,发展绿色物流。绿色物流既包括企业的绿色物流活动,又包括对绿色物流活动的管理、规范和控制。     

Mesoporous silica with short-range MFI structure

A new type of mesoporous silica has been prepared which showed 780 m²/g of BET surface area and 0.6 ml/g of primary mesopores narrowly distributed around 4.2 nm. More importantly however, is that it showed short-range zeolite crystallinity as demonstrated by FTIR and XRD analysis, and hydrophobicity as demonstrated by water and n-hexane adsorption.

This material was synthesized via a dual-template, three-step hydrothermal–flocculation–steaming synthesis procedure developed by us recently. Briefly, MFI nanoprecursors (NPs) were first prepared by a low-temperature hydrothermal step using TPAOH as template for zeolite structure, and then flocculated using a surfactant that served as the template for the mesopores. The collected NPs are mesoporous silica exhibiting short-range MFI domains when directly calcined. However, the steaming step promoted the crystallization of the NPs and created uniform mesopores. It was found that almost every detail in these procedures affected the properties of the final product. The most important variables, however, were identified as the duration the flocculants were kept in contact with the liquid phase, and the humidity under which the steaming was conducted. By properly adjusting the procedures, the said mesoporous silica, as well as nanocrystals having high external surface area, could be produced at will.     

PVA基活性碳纤维的研制

探索了由民用大丝束聚乙烯醇纤维(PVAF)试制活性碳纤维(ACF)的可能性,以开辟新的原料路线,降低产品成本。PVAF首先用脱水剂处理,脱水剂浓度为10%(质量),然后在200—300℃进行热处理,处理后的纤维再经预氧化和碳化活化转化为ACF,ACF的收率为37.7%,比表面积为1050m~2/g。此外,还探索了用O_3处理PVAF。用差热、热失重和红外等手段对产物进行了表征,推论了相应的反应机理。结果表明:经适当处理的PVAF可制得具有较好吸附性能的ACF。     

管材超声波分层缺陷检测中盲区的构成探析

管材超声波分层检测作为控制产品质量的关键步骤,必须引起相关从业人员的重视,特别是要重点分析分层缺陷检测中盲区的构成原因和分布特征。只有这样,才能切实保证检测结果的准确性,更好地控制管材质量。通过对超声波分层缺陷检测的重要性进行阐释,分析了其中盲区的构成和分布等问题。     

Preparation and characterization of trilobal activated carbon fibers

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of several different methods for controlling the pore size and pore size distribution in activated carbon fibers. Variables studied included fiber shape, activation time, and the addition of small amounts of silver nitrate. Pure isotropic pitch and the same isotropic pitch containing 1 wt.% silver were melt spun to form fibers with round and trilobal cross sections. These fibers were then stabilized, carbonized, and activated in carbon dioxide. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM), electron dispersive spectra (EDS), and wavelength dispersive spectra (WDS) were used to monitor the size and distribution of the silver particles in the fibers before and after activation. Each of these analyses showed that the distribution of silver particles was extremely uniform before and after activation. The fibers were also weighed before and after activation to determine the percent burn-off. The BET specific surface areas of the activated fibers were determined from N₂ adsorption isotherms measured at −196 °C. The results showed that round and trilobal fibers with equivalent cross-sectional areas yielded similar burn-off values and specific surface areas after activation. Also, activation rates were found to be independent of CO₂ flow rate. The porosity of the activated fibers depended on the total time of activation and the cross-sectional area of fibers. The N₂ adsorption measurements showed that the activated fibers had extremely high specific surface areas (greater than 3000 m²/g) and high degrees of meso- and macro-porosity. FE SEM was also used to investigate surface texture and size of pore openings on the surfaces of the activated fibers. The photos showed that silver particles generated surface macro- and mesopores, in agreement with the inferences from N₂ adsorption measurements.