基于中压加氢改质方案的炼油流程协同优化

中国石化北京燕山分公司(简称燕山分公司）为增产高附加值产品、提升效益，对炼油系统进行了流程协同优化。中压加氢裂化装置掺炼催化裂化柴油，由加氢裂化方案改为加氢改质方案运行，将改质柴油送入三号催化裂化装置（简称三催化装置）的提升管进行回炼；同时，将焦化蜡油改入加氢裂化装置进行加工，而蜡油加氢装置不再加工焦化蜡油以改善催化裂化原料。协同优化后，中压加氢改质装置的柴油产品十六烷值提高7个单位；三催化装置的液化气收率提高1.96百分点，汽油收率增加0.88百分点，总液体收率增加2.28百分点；高压加氢裂化装置喷气燃料产品的密度（20 ℃）降低至806 kg/m3，烟点为23.8 mm，尾油BMCI由11.8降低至10.8；蜡油加氢装置精制蜡油的饱和分质量分数提高4.68百分点，芳香分质量分数降低5.96百分点，氮质量分数降低0.06百分点，使催化裂化原料性质得以改善。通过将中压加氢改质装置的喷气燃料馏分抽出送催化裂化装置回炼，与回炼改质柴油相比，催化裂化汽油的研究法辛烷值（RON）增加1.0个单位，改质柴油十六烷值提高4.8个单位。通过全炼油板块系统性优化，燕山分公司车用柴油产品的十六烷值由53.5降低至51.5，解决了质量过剩问题。     

Beneficial effects of wettability altering surfactants in oil-wet fractured reservoirs

In fractured reservoirs, an effective matrix-fracture mass transfer is required for oil recovery. Surfactants have long been considered for oil recovery enhancement, mainly in terms of their ability to reduce oil–water interfacial tension. These surfactants are effective when the fractured formations are water-wet, where capillary imbibition of surfactants from the fracture into the matrix contributes to oil recovery. However, another beneficial aspect of surfactants, namely their ability to alter wettability, remains to be explored and exploited. Surfactants capable of altering wettability can be especially beneficial in oil-wet fractured formations, where the surfactant in the fracture diffuses into the matrix and alters the wettability, enabling imbibition of even more surfactant into the matrix. This sequential process of initial diffusion followed by imbibition continues well into the matrix yielding significant enhancements in oil recovery.In order to test this hypothesis of sequential diffusion–imbibition phenomenon, Dual-Drop Dual-Crystal (DDDC) contact angle experiments have been conducted using fractured Yates dolomite reservoir fluids, two types of surfactants (nonionic and anionic) and dolomite rock substrates. A new experimental procedure was developed in which crude oil equilibrated with reservoir brine has been exposed to surfactant to simulate the matrix-fracture interactions in fractured reservoirs. This procedure enables the measurements of dynamic contact angles and oil–water interfacial tensions, in addition to providing the visual observations of the dynamic behavior of crude oil trapped in the rock matrix as it encounters the diffusing surfactant from the fractures. Both the measurements and visual observations indicate wettability alterations of the matrix surface from oil-wet to less oil-wet or intermediate wet by the surfactants. Thus this study is of practical importance to oil-wet fractured formations where surfactant-induced wettability alterations can result in significant oil recovery enhancements. In addition, this study has also identified the need to include contact angle term in the dimensionless Bond number formulations for better quantitative interpretation of rock–fluids interactions.     

MIP汽油性质及其深度加氢脱硫性能的研究

分析了我国典型炼油厂FCC汽油硫含量和烯烃含量的变化情况,将MIP汽油[采用多产异构烷烃FCC工艺(Maximizing Iso-Paraffins)生产的汽油],与常规FCC汽油的性质进行了比较,介绍了用OCT-M技术(FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术)对MIP汽油进行深度加氢脱硫的研究情况,包括加工方案的比较、反应压力的影响.结果表明,OCT-M FCC汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术可以将烯烃体积分数为31%的MIP汽油的硫质量分数由664 μg/g降低到50 μg/g以下,研究法辛烷值损失0.7～1.7,OCT-M技术能够为我国炼油厂由MIP汽油生产符合欧Ⅳ标准的清洁汽油提供灵活、经济的技术解决方案.     

循环伏安法在润滑油检测中的应用

介绍了循环伏安法的产生背景、原理。应用该技术可以快速、方便地对润滑油中抗氧剂、总酸（碱）值进行测定，并且可以对不同厂家润滑油的抗氧剂包进行区别。该技术还可以有效地评价润滑油的使用寿命和设备工作状况。     

OCT-M 汽油选择加氢工艺工业应用

介绍了OCT-M汽油选择性加氢技术在汽油加氢装置的应用情况。对影响加氢汽油质量的主要因素进行了分析，提出了降低加氢过程汽油辛烷值损失、降低大分子硫醇生成的优化措施，并针对存在的问题提出了相应的改进建议。     

东濮凹陷地质三分性与沙三期沉积古地理

东濮凹陷构造与沉积明显分为2个阶段：沙三段沉积时期和沙二段-东营组沉积时期。沙三段时期,东濮地区发育濮阳湖和东明湖。濮阳湖受兰聊、五星集-六塔断层活动控制,形成深水湖相-浅水盐湖相的暗色泥岩与盐岩、砂岩韵律,是现今油气最丰富的领域,盆内二级断层——杜寨断层、石家集-马寨断层、濮西断层的相继发育控制沉积中心的分布;东明湖是受兰聊断层活动控制的箕状凹陷,因补偿速度快,仅形成浅一半深水的砂泥岩韵律,生油岩发育质量差,现今的西洼南部地区是上述两湖泊的边缘,基本无生油岩发育。沙二段-东营组时期,长垣、黄河、文东、文西等断层强烈活动,形成两洼-隆一斜坡的构造格局,彻底改变了沙三期的沉积古地理,形成多个洼陷和多个沉积中心。     

CFR辛烷值机测定误差的分析

通过比较现行国家标准与2004年版ASTM方法的主要差异，针对CFR试验机使用中易遇到的具体问题，分析辛烷值测量误差产生的原因，提出消除测量误差应注意的事项，以及校准CFR试验机应采取的措施。指出对CRF试验机一定要严格遵守试验方法及使用维护操作规程，依据实行情况进行校准，特别是检测RON低于80、MON低于60的样品时。     

滨北地区T5和T4不整合面剥蚀量恢复

根据不同剥蚀量恢复方法的特点和松辽盆地滨北地区实际地质情况,采用不同的方法对滨北地区T5和T4不整合面进行剥蚀量恢复。利用镜质体反射率法和体积平衡-沉积速率法相结合对T5不整合面进行剥蚀量恢复;应用镜质体反射率法、地层趋势分析法和沉积速率法相结合对T4不整合面进行剥蚀量恢复。研究结果表明T5不整合面因经历较长时间的剥蚀,剥蚀量较大,剥蚀量在700~2800m之间;T4不整合面剥蚀量多在200~1000m,在经历剥蚀时间较长的地区和靠近断陷盆地边缘的地区剥蚀量大。     

Performance and Commercial Application of the Promoter LCC-A for Maximization of Propylene Yield

1 Introduction Propylene as an important feedstock for organic chemicals is mainly originated from steam cracking and catalytic cracking processes. During the FCC process the propylene content varies with the FCC catalyst and process technology adopted, resulting in significant difference in propylene concentration in the cracked product——LPG. The conventional FCC pro- cess generally gives a propylene yield of around 4%, while the FCC process with maximization of propylene yield can in…     

近红外分析实验室模型的评价——在汽油管道自动调合的应用

采用近红外光谱技术的偏最小二乘法建立了汽油调合组分和产品汽油（90、93、97号）辛烷值、组成等性质的实验室模型，并用常规方法分析样品验证模型的准确性和稳定性。实验表明，其准确性达到标准方法对测定结果的要求。近红外光谱技术能在5min内快速、准确测定调合组分汽油和成品汽油的辛烷值、芳烃、烯烃、苯等性质。