全文获取类型
收费全文 | 321730篇 |
免费 | 28169篇 |
国内免费 | 13894篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 18867篇 |
技术理论 | 32篇 |
综合类 | 27824篇 |
化学工业 | 50668篇 |
金属工艺 | 12952篇 |
机械仪表 | 16365篇 |
建筑科学 | 35483篇 |
矿业工程 | 17669篇 |
能源动力 | 15008篇 |
轻工业 | 29441篇 |
水利工程 | 11269篇 |
石油天然气 | 41612篇 |
武器工业 | 3530篇 |
无线电 | 15706篇 |
一般工业技术 | 20589篇 |
冶金工业 | 15211篇 |
原子能技术 | 2328篇 |
自动化技术 | 29239篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1166篇 |
2023年 | 3982篇 |
2022年 | 7837篇 |
2021年 | 10522篇 |
2020年 | 10239篇 |
2019年 | 8324篇 |
2018年 | 7547篇 |
2017年 | 9279篇 |
2016年 | 11408篇 |
2015年 | 11886篇 |
2014年 | 21277篇 |
2013年 | 19565篇 |
2012年 | 23499篇 |
2011年 | 25501篇 |
2010年 | 18427篇 |
2009年 | 18389篇 |
2008年 | 16463篇 |
2007年 | 20379篇 |
2006年 | 19334篇 |
2005年 | 16735篇 |
2004年 | 14140篇 |
2003年 | 12406篇 |
2002年 | 10340篇 |
2001年 | 8672篇 |
2000年 | 7451篇 |
1999年 | 5945篇 |
1998年 | 4413篇 |
1997年 | 3854篇 |
1996年 | 3066篇 |
1995年 | 2530篇 |
1994年 | 2087篇 |
1993年 | 1479篇 |
1992年 | 1222篇 |
1991年 | 894篇 |
1990年 | 717篇 |
1989年 | 646篇 |
1988年 | 349篇 |
1987年 | 271篇 |
1986年 | 224篇 |
1985年 | 278篇 |
1984年 | 215篇 |
1983年 | 172篇 |
1982年 | 103篇 |
1981年 | 130篇 |
1980年 | 122篇 |
1979年 | 48篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 27篇 |
1959年 | 27篇 |
1951年 | 27篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 78 毫秒
21.
Residential natural gas consumption depends on several factors. Available tools and methods to identify, categorize, and validate effective factors have some limitations, making consumption modeling more complex. Once a comprehensive model of effective consumption factors is developed for residential gas consumers, it can predict consumption. In addition, such a model could be used to verify the accuracy of measuring devices in order to reduce unaccounted for gas (UFG). The key factors affecting residential gas consumption were identified based on previous studies and their mutual effects were analyzed using a fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) method. The most significant factors and their effects on natural gas consumption in the residential sector were determined. In this study, for the first time, the expected consumption for each consumer was estimated using a consumption index. Generally, if the estimated consumption is significantly different from the amount recorded by the meter, it could suggest a potential source of UFG. The proposed method was applied to the data collected from the residential gas consumers of a small region in Iran (Dasht-e Arjan region, Fars province), and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
22.
Ionela-Dorina Dumbrava Calin-Cristian Cormos 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(45):23149-23163
Hydrogen production by biogas conversion represent a promising solution for reduction of fossil CO2 emissions. In this work, a detailed techno-economic analysis was performed for decarbonized hydrogen production based on biogas conversion using calcium and chemical looping cycles. All evaluated concepts generate 100,000 Nm3/h high purity hydrogen. As reference cases, the biogas steam reforming design without decarbonization and with CO2 capture by gas-liquid chemical absorption were also considered. The results show that iron-based chemical looping design has higher energy efficiency compared with the gas-liquid absorption case by 2.3 net percentage points as well as a superior carbon capture rate (99% vs. 65%). The calcium looping case shows a lower efficiency than chemical scrubbing, with about 2.5 net percentage points, but the carbon capture rate is higher (95% vs. 65%). The hydrogen production cost increases with decarbonization, the calcium looping shows the most favourable situation (37.14 €/MWh) compared to the non-capture steam reforming case (33 €/MWh) and MDEA and iron looping cases (about 42 €/MWh). The calcium looping case has the lowest CO2 avoidance cost (10 €/t) followed by iron looping (20 €/t) and MDEA (31 €/t) cases. 相似文献
23.
药物相互作用改变了剂量效应关系,可能会降低疗效或增加毒性,是临床应用中合并用药治疗时重要的考虑因素。预测具有临床意义的药物相互作用是药物研发过程中获益风险评估的重要环节。本文概述了药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究的目的和意义,体内和体外研究的主要内容;梳理分析了2020年国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration, NMPA)和美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)批准上市的新药药物相互作用研究情况,旨在为我国药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究及其监管审评提供参考。 相似文献
24.
Dr. Md Kausar Raza Aisha Noor Dr. Paresh Kumar Samantaray 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2021,22(23):3270-3272
Individually, photoredox catalysis (PC) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are well-established concepts that have experienced a remarkable resurgence in recent years, leading to significant progress in organic synthesis for PC and clinical approval of anticancer drugs for PDT. But, very recently, new photoredox catalyst systems based on Ir(III) and Ru(II) complexes have garnered significant interest because they can simultaneously be used as PDT agents apart from their demonstrated PC activity. This highlight discusses the unique PC behavior of emerging Ir(III)- and Ru(II)-based systems while also examining their potential PDT activity in cancer treatment. 相似文献
25.
Yujie Chen Yiping Song Zhen Zhang Yali Chen Qiliang Deng Shuo Wang 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(41):2104885
Various products, including foods and pharmaceuticals, are sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Thus, temperature monitoring during production, transportation, and storage is critical. Facile indicators are required to monitor temperature conditions via color changes in real time. This study aimed to prepare and apply thiol-functionalized covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a novel indicator for monitoring thermal history and temperature abuse. The COFs underwent obvious color changes from bright yellow to purple after exposure to different temperatures for varying durations. The reaction kinetics are analyzed under isothermal conditions, which reveal that the order of reaction rates is k−20°C < k4°C < k20°C < k35°C < k55°C. The activation energy (Ea) of the COFs is calculated using the Arrhenius equation as 50.71 kJ moL−1. The COFs are capable of sensitive color changes and offer a broad temperature tracking range, thereby demonstrating their application potential for the monitoring of temperature and time exposure history during production, transportation, and storage. This excellent performance thermal history indicator also shows promise for expanding the application field of COFs. 相似文献
26.
Makoto Yamaguchi 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(14):50172
Perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer membranes have been widely used as proton conducting membranes in various electrochemical processes such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells and water electrolysis. While their thermal stability has been studied by thermogravimetry and analysis of low molecular weight products, their decomposition mechanism is little understood. In this study a newly developed methodology of thermal desorption and pyrolysis in combination with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry is applied for Nafion membrane. An ambient ionization source and a high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer enabled unambiguous assignment of gaseous products. Thermal decomposition is initiated by side chain detachment above 350°C, which leaves carbonyls on the main chain at the locations of the side chains. Perfluoroalkanes are released above 400°C by main chain scission and their further decomposition products dominate above 500 °C. DFT calculation of reaction energies and barrier heights of model compounds support proposed decomposition reactions. 相似文献
27.
Xuewu Li Lin Zhang Tian Shi Weining Yu Jinhui Shao Xuegang Zhou Yuxing He Binbin Zhang 《工业材料与腐蚀》2021,72(5):951-959
Ti-based amorphous metallic glasses have excellent mechanical, physical, and chemical properties, which is an important development direction and research hotspot of metal composite reinforcement. As a stable, simple, efficient, and large-scale preparation technology of metallic powders, the gas atomization process provides an effective way of preparing amorphous metallic glasses. In this study, the controllable fabrication of a Ti-based amorphous powder, with high efficiency, has been realized by using gas atomization. The scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction are used to analyze surface morphology, element distribution, and phase structure, respectively. A microhardness tester is used to measure the mechanical property. An electrochemical workstation is used to characterize corrosion behavior. The results show that as-prepared microparticles are more uniform and exhibit good amorphous characteristics. The mechanical test shows that the hardness of amorphous powder is significantly increased as compared with that before preparation, which has the prospect of being an important part of engineering reinforced materials. Further electrochemical measurement shows that the corrosion resistance of the as-prepared sample is also significantly improved. This study has laid a solid foundation for expanding applications of Ti-based metallic glasses, especially in heavy-duty and corrosive domains. 相似文献
28.
29.
The ability to detect gun and gun held in hand or other body parts is a typical human skill. The same problem presents an imperative task for computer vision system. Automatic observer independent detection of hand held gun or gun held in the other body part, whether it is visible or concealed, provides enhance security in vulnerable places and initiates appropriate action there. Compare to the automatic object detection systems, automatic detection of gun has very few successful attempts. In the present scope of this paper, we present an extensive survey on automatic detection of gun and define a taxonomy for this particular detection system. We also describe the inherent difficulties related with this problem. In this survey of published papers, we examine different approaches used in state-of-the-art attempts and compare performances of these approaches. Finally, this paper concludes pointing to the possible research gaps in related fields. 相似文献
30.
Alison Willette Benjamin Fallen Hem Bhandari Carl Sams Feng Chen Virginia Sykes Chris Smallwood Kristin Bilyeu Zenglu Li Vincent Pantalone 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2021,98(8):861-869
Soybean oil hydrogenation alters the linolenic acid molecule to prevent the oil from becoming rancid, however, health reports have indicated trans-fat caused by hydrogenation, is not generally regarded as safe. Typical soybeans contain approximately 80 g kg−1 to 120 g kg−1 linolenic acid and 240 g kg−1 of oleic acid. In an effort to accommodate the need for high-quality oil, the United Soybean Board introduced an industry standard for a high oleic acid greater than 750 g kg−1 and linolenic acid less than 30 g kg−1 oil. By combing mutations in the soybean plant at four loci, FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B, oleate desaturase genes and FAD3A and FAD3C, linoleate desaturase genes, and seed oil will not require hydrogenation to prevent oxidation and produce high-quality oil. In 2017 and 2018, a study comparing four near-isogenic lines across multiple Tennessee locations was performed to identify agronomic traits associated with mutations in FAD3A and FAD3C loci, while holding FAD2-1A and FAD2-1B constant in the mutant (high oleic) state. Soybean lines were assessed for yield and oil quality based on mutations at FAD2-1 and FAD3 loci. Variations of wild-type and mutant genotypes were compared at FAD3A and FAD3C loci. Analysis using a generalized linear mixed model in SAS 9.4, indicated no yield drag or other negative agronomic traits associated with the high oleic and low linolenic acid genotype. All four mutations of fad2-1A, fad2-1B, fad3A, and fad3C were determined as necessary to produce a soybean with the new industry standard (>750 g kg−1 oleic and <30 g kg−1 linolenic acid) in a maturity group-IV-Late cultivar for Tennessee growers. 相似文献