叔丁醇中强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化异丁烯齐聚动力学

在强酸性阳离子交换树脂(催化剂)和叔丁醇体系中,对异丁烯(IB)的齐聚动力学进行了研究。通过机理分析建立了异丁烯齐聚动力学模型。用高斯-牛顿法根据实验数据进行参数估算,得到了动力学模型参数。实验结果表明,IB齐聚具有一级串联不可逆的特征。在反应体系中加入叔丁醇,虽可降低催化剂的酸性,但提高了IB在催化剂表面的吸附能力,使得IB的二聚体(三甲基戊烯)选择性明显提高。     

Hetero/Homo-Complexes of Sucrose Transporters May Be a Subtle Mode to Regulate Sucrose Transportation in Grape Berries

The sugar distribution mechanism in fruits has been the focus of research worldwide; however, it remains unclear. In order to elucidate the relevant mechanisms in grape berries, the expression, localization, function, and regulation of three sucrose transporters were studied in three representative Vitis varieties. Both SUC11 and SUC12 expression levels were positively correlated with sugar accumulation in grape berries, whereas SUC27 showed a negative relationship. The alignment analysis and sucrose transport ability of isolated SUCs were determined to reflect coding region variations among V. vinifera, V. amurensis Ruper, and V. riparia, indicating that functional variation existed in one SUT from different varieties. Furthermore, potentially oligomerized abilities of VvSUCs colocalized in the sieve elements of the phloem as plasma membrane proteins were verified. The effects of oligomerization on transport properties were characterized in yeast. VvSUC11 and VvSUC12 are high-affinity/low-capacity types of SUTs that stimulate each other by upregulating V_max and K_m, inhibiting sucrose transport, and downregulating the K_m of VvSUC27. Thus, changes in the distribution of different SUTs in the same cell govern functional regulation. The activation and inhibition of sucrose transport could be achieved in different stages and tissues of grape development to achieve an effective distribution of sugar.     

Mo/HZSM-5 上甲烷非氧脱氢聚合(制苯)

考察了焙烧温度、空速、反应前预处理和ＺＳＭ－５的硅铝比对甲烷非氧脱氢聚合反应在Ｍｏ／ＨＺＳＭ－５催化剂上的影响。结果表明，焙烧温度为５００℃时，催化剂的活性和苯选择性均最好，当焙烧温度为７５０℃时，甲烷转化率和苯的选择性均有较大的下降。低空速对催化剂反应活性和稳定性均有利。ＺＳＭ－５的硅铝比和反应前预处理对催化剂的性能也有一定的影响。甲烷中添加氢气和氧气对甲烷非氧脱氢聚合不利，添加Ｈｅ气后，甲烷转化率、苯的选择性和催化剂稳定性有所提高     

担载型镍催化剂上丙烯吸附与反应的TPSR、EPR、 XPS和UV-DRS研究

用TPSR、NH3-TPD、XPS、EPR和UV-DRS等手段对担载型镍催化剂上丙烯吸附与齐聚反应的特征进行了系统的考察。结果发现,以SiO     

双环戊二烯加压连续聚合制备高能量密度燃料

为制备密度大于1 g·ml^-1的高密度燃料母体化合物三环戊二烯（TCPD）,研究了双环戊二烯（DCPD）的加压连续聚合反应。分析了聚合反应产物组成和反应途径,研究了反应条件的影响。与常压间歇反应相比,加压连续反应能极大地提高反应转化率和收率,优化产物组成,TCPD中挂式/桥式（exo/endo）比例大大提高,并生成新的产物exo-DCPD。反应途径分析表明,TCPD中exo/endo比例与exo-DCPD选择性呈线性正相关。研究发现,为维持反应进行压力应不低于1.2 MPa,增加温度能提高反应转化率,而TCPD最高收率出现在160℃,TCPD的exo/endo比例随温度增加而降低,反应转化率和收率随停留时间增加而增加,但转化速率降低,缩短停留时间有利于提高TCPD的exo/endo比例,浓度对反应影响不大。在较优条件下,endo-DCPD转化率达82.2%,TCPD收率达41.7%。     

乙烯选择性齐聚催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来国内外乙烯三聚和乙烯四聚催化体系的研究进展并对催化体系的组成、活性、成本及其对产物的选择性进行了分析。铬系催化剂是乙烯选择性齐聚催化剂研究的重点,主要包括带有含磷、氮和硫配位原子的三齿配体和双磷胺配体的配合物。同时介绍了乙烯三聚、四聚的反应机理,以作为乙烯选择性齐聚研究时的参考。     

新型树枝状镍系催化剂的合成、表征及催化乙烯聚合的性能

合成了一种含有强供电子、较大空间位阻的新型树枝状水杨醛亚胺配体及其镍配合物,利用1H NMR、元素分析、FT-IR、UV进行了表征。以配合物为催化剂,甲基铝氧烷（MAO）为助催化剂对乙烯齐聚反应进行了研究,详细考察了聚合反应温度、Al/Ni摩尔比、反应压力及时间对催化剂活性及产物分布的影响。结果表明,齐聚产物为不同碳链的烯烃,在温度为25℃、Al/Ni=500、压力为0.5MPa、时间为0.5h的条件下,树枝状催化剂的活性最高,达到4.93?105g/(mol Ni?h),C10～C18的含量为54.17%。     

Dimerization of isobutene over nickel modified zeolites to obtain isooctene

Ni/H Zeolites catalysts were prepared by impregnation, starting from HY-Zeolite, Hβ-Zeolite and H-mordenite with nickel precursor salts, NiCl₂, NiSO₄ and NiCO₃. The total number, NTSA, and the acid strength were found dependent on the nickel precursor salt. High catalytic activity, selectivity and stability of the modified zeolites in isobutene dimerization was attributed to the acidic properties of nickel modified zeolites. HY-Zeolite modified with NiCO₃ resulted more active and selective to dimerization reaction. The prepared catalysts were characterized by EDSX, SEM, and Adsorption/Desorption of N₂ at 77 K, NH₃ chemisorption and Ammonia Temperature-Programmed-Desorption (NH₃-TPD) and FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine. NH₃-TPD and isobutene adsorption revealed an acid sites a new distribution and apparition of acid sites not present in the protonated zeolites. Catalytic activity and reactor behavior were studied in a continuous downstream fixed bed reactor at 298 K, 27.6 kPa (4 psig), and WHSV = 0.27 h⁻¹.     

三氯化铝催化C_(13)～C_(14)烯烃齐聚反应

使用三氯化铝作催化剂,对C_(13)～C_(14)内烯烃齐聚反应进行了研究,考察三氯化铝用量、反应温度和反应时间等工艺条件对聚内烯烃合成油收率的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件:三氯化铝用量为原料总质量的3%,反应温度160℃,反应时间4 h。在此条件下,以C_(13)～C_(14)内烯烃与1-十四碳烯的混合物为反应原料合成了聚烯烃合成油,并研究了其物化性能。结果表明,采用质量分数各为50%的1-十四碳烯与C_(13)～C_(14)内烯烃混合物,可以合成100℃黏度为6.10 mm~2·s~(-1)、黏度指数147和凝点-40℃的聚烯烃合成油,收率为78%,具有黏度低、凝点低和黏度指数高的特点,是高质量的聚烯烃合成油。     

Light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization over a magnetic NiSo4/γ‐Al2o3 catalyst in a magnetically stabilized bed

Magnetic NiSO₄/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by impregnating NiSO₄ solutions onto the γ‐Al₂O₃ support containing a magnetic material of Fe₃O₄. Characterization by XRD, NH₃‐TPD, and thermal analysis showed that the magnetic NiSO₄/γ‐Al₂O₃ catalyst with a nickel content of 7.0% by weight had a monolayer dispersion of NiSO₄ and the largest number of moderate strength acid sites, and a high specific saturation magnetization. The magnetic catalyst was evaluated for light FCC gasoline olefin oligomerization in both fixed‐bed and magnetically stabilized bed (MSB) reactors. Comparing with that in the fixed‐bed reactor, the optimal reaction temperature in the MSB lowered to 443 K, and its space velocity ranged broadly from 2.0 to 6.0 h^?1. The sulfur‐free diesel distillate produced by operation of the MSB for 100 h had higher cetane number and good low‐temperature flow property, which illuminates a promising application of the MSB to manufacture clean diesel fuels with high productivity and flexibility. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009