质子交换膜燃料电池容错控制方法综述

质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)作为一种高效、环保的能量转换装置,具有广阔的工业应用前景。然而,多辅助系统和运行时涉及多物理场耦合现象的特征,使PEMFC易发生水管理、热管理、反应物饥饿等各类故障,且故障难以控制。为及时有效地消除故障并稳定输出性能、提高耐久性,拥有实时在线特征及诊断精度高等优点的容错控制方法被应用于优化PEMFC的运行。容错控制分为故障诊断和控制重构两部分。该文对基于模型和基于非模型的故障诊断方法进行综述,并总结了各自的优缺点。随后,从结构框图角度介绍控制器调节模块以及决策模块的功能和必要性,并综述了现有研究中容错控制在PEMFC的应用。最后,总结了PEMFC领域现有研究需做出的改进以及容错控制的发展前景。     

基于聚丙烯无纺布与耗氧传感器的泄漏乳化油的监测

利用聚丙烯无纺布（polypropylene non-woven fabric,PP NWF）和耗氧传感器结合来构建一个乳化油监测探头。PP NWF是一种超疏水吸油材料,可以快速吸附乳化油污,利用该性能,本监测探头先用PP NWF富集乳化油污,再用探头对材料中的氧含量进行监测,从而达到乳化油监测的目的。本文通过监测不同种类的乳化油（表面活性剂为吐温80的正己烷乳化油、石油醚乳化油、甲苯乳化油及表面活性剂为司班80的正己烷乳化油、石油醚乳化油、甲苯乳化油）来验证其可行性。结果表明：该监测探头可以监测到不同乳化条件下的乳化油,并且能监测到不同种类的乳化油。其中监测甲苯乳化油时响应时间最短,可以在6s内监测到该油污。固定PP NWF时的耗氧传感器探头的最低检测限为1.27g/L,监测效率较未固定PP NWF时提高了近8倍。综上,固定PP NWF的耗氧传感器探头可以作为海洋乳化油监测重要的一个系统,对海洋乳化油泄漏事故进行在线实时监测,可以快速准确提供早期溢油预警。     

在线布流调节影响铸嘴型腔熔体流场和温度场的研究

建立了在线布流调节时铸嘴型腔熔体非定常流动和传热数学模型，应用数值方法仿真分析了入口速度斜坡变化时铸嘴型腔流场、温度场、压力场的动态演化过程。结果表明，对型腔进行在线布流调节来改善铸嘴型腔流场、温度场是可行的。     

焊接质量的在线控制与预测研究现状及发展趋势

由于影响焊接质量的因素很多，焊接产品的质量难以保证，开展焊接质量的在线控制与预测具有极其重要的意义，为促进国内焊接质量的在线控制与预测研究工作，介绍了国内外焊接质量的在线控制与预测方面的研究进展，同时分析了未来焊接质量的在线控制与预测研究的发展趋势。     

EFFECT OF TOOL WEAR ON MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION OF FRICTION STIR WELDED 6061 Al ALLOY

Tool condition is one of the main concerns in friction stir welding （FSW）, because the geometrical condition of the tool pin including size and shape is strongly connected to the microstrueture and mechanical performance of the weld. Tool wear occurs during FSW, especially for welding metal matrix composites with large amounts of abrasive particles, and high melting point materials, which significantly expedite tool wear and deteriorate the mechanical performance of welds. Tools with different pin-wear levels are used to weld 6061 Al alloy, while acoustic emission （AE） sensing, metallographic sectioning, and tensile testing are employed to evaluate the weld quality in various tool wear conditions. Structural characterization shows that the tool wear interferes with the weld quality and accounts for the formation of voids in the nugget zone. Tensile test analysis of samples verifies that both the ultimate tensile strength and the yield strength are adversely affected by the formation of voids in the nugget due to the tool wear. The failure location during tensile test clearly depends on the state of the tool wear, which led to the analysis of the relationships between the structure of the nugget and tool wear. AE signatures recorded during welding reveal that the AE hits concentrate on the higher amplitudes with increasing tool wear. The results show that the AE sensing provides a potentially effective method for the on-line manitoring of tool wear.     

一起变压器油气在线监测装置报警故障的分析及处理

鉴于一起220 k V变压器油气在线监测装置的报警故障,对变压器油的色谱数据进行了分析,对2号主变压器进行吊罩检查,结果表明:故障因变压器梯级绝缘垫块结构设计存在缺陷,在运行中逐步造成垫块松动、脱落所致,并提出了处理措施。     

The lesbian,gay, bisexual and transgender community online: discussions of bullying and self-disclosure in YouTube videos

Computer-mediated communication has become a popular platform for identity construction and experimentation as well as social interaction for those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT). The creation of user-generated videos has allowed content creators to share experiences on LGBT topics. With bullying becoming more common amongst LGBT youth, it is important to obtain a greater understanding of this phenomenon. In our study, we report on the analysis of 151 YouTube videos which were identified as having LGBT- and bullying-related content. The analysis reveals how content creators openly disclose personal information about themselves and their experiences in a non-anonymous rhetoric with an unknown public. These disclosures could indicate a desire to seek friendship, support and provide empathy.     

Impact of virtual atmospherics and functional qualities on the online gambler's experience

This study empirically tests a stimulus–organism–response (S–O–R) structural model that proposes that an online casino's atmospheric cues and functional qualities influence individuals' affective and cognitive responses, which in turn impact consumer behavioural intentions. Using self-reported data from a primarily US-based sample, analysed elements of the online gambling site stimulus included high and low task-relevant cues, financial trust, and gambling value. Demographic characteristics were found to moderate the relationship between the stimulus and internal satisfaction, with demographic group differences found among all stimulus constructs. Results emphasise the significant role that atmospherics and functional qualities play in generating positive behaviours from online gamblers, with additional implications in marketplace competitiveness and in responsible gambling practices.     

在线半监督Kohonen网络的预抓取手势识别

为实现智能仿生手的抓取,提高模式识别的实时性和灵敏性,提出一种在线半监督Kohonen网络。该网络针对表面肌电信号(s EMG)的特性,在有监督Kohonen网络基础上,将有监督和无监督网络的优势进行结合,应用数据剪辑方法处理训练集更新识别网络,在线识别侧边抓取、球形抓取、三指精确抓取和圆柱形抓取4种预抓取手势。实验表明,与不同Kohonen网络相比,此识别方法具有很好的在线识别能力和正确率。     

Online algorithms for scheduling two parallel machines with a single server

We consider an online scheduling problem on two identical parallel machines with a single server. Jobs arrive one by one and each job has to be loaded by the server before being processed on one of the machines, and unloaded immediately by the server after its processing. Both loading and unloading times are equal to one time unit. The goal is to minimize the makespan. For the variant of the problem involving both loading and unloading operations, we present an online algorithm with competitive ratio of 5/3. For the variant with loading operation only, we show that the competitive ratio of list scheduling is at least 8/5 and provide an improved online algorithm with competitive ratio of 11/7. Finally, we discuss the lower bounds for these problems. We show that both variants have a lower bound of 3/2. Furthermore, we show that the lower bound of the first variant is at least 8/5 if the online algorithm satisfies a certain constraint.