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101.
Peng Chuanqi Gao Xiaofei Xu Jing Du Bujie Ning Xuhui Tang Shaoheng Bachoo Robert M. Yu Mengxiao Ge Woo-Ping Zheng Jie 《Nano Research》2017,10(4):1366-1376
A major clinical translational challenge in nanomedicine is the potential of toxicity associated with the uptake and long-term retention of non-degradable nanoparticles (NPs) in major organs.The development of inorganic NPs that undergo renal clearance could potentially resolve this significant biosafety concern.However,it remains unclear whether inorganic NPs that can be excreted by the kidneys remain capable of targeting tumors with poor permeability.Glioblastoma multiforme,the most malignant orthotopic brain tumor,presents a unique challenge for NP delivery because of the blood-brain barrier and robust blood-tumor barrier of reactive microglia and macroglia in the tumor microenvironment.Herein,we used an orthotopic murine glioma model to investigate the passive targeting of glutathione-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) of 3 nm in diameter that undergo renal clearance and 18-nm AuNPs that fail to undergo renal clearance.Remarkably, we report that 3-nm AuNPs were able to target intracranial tumor tissues with higher efficiency (2.3x relative to surrounding non-tumor normal brain tissues) and greater specificity (3.0x)than did the larger AuNPs.Pharmacokinetics studies suggested that the higher glioma targeting ability of the 3-nm AuNPs may be attributed to the longer retention time in circulation.The total accumulation of the 3-nm AuNPs in major organs was significantly less (8.4x) than that of the 18-nm AuNPs.Microscopic imaging of blood vessels and renal-clearable AuNPs showed extravasation of NPs from the leaky blood-tumor barrier into the tumor interstitium.Taken together,our results suggest that the 3-nm AuNPs,characterized by enhanced permeability and retention,are able to target brain tumors and undergo renal clearance. 相似文献
102.
仿真分析了被动定向浮标阵为正三角形阵时,阵元间距等几种因素对利用最小二乘法解算目标位置精度的影响。仿真结果表明,在相同的位置误差和测向误差下,当目标在一定范围内时,阵元间距增大,定位误差增大,当目标位置超出该范围后,浮标阵定位误差急剧增大,阵元间距大的浮标阵定位误差反而小;在其它条件相同时,位置误差(测向误差)增大,定位误差增大。因此,为提高三角形阵的定位精度,应尽量提高浮标的测向精度和浮标位置精度;使用中应根据浮标性能和实际使用需求选取合理的布阵间距。 相似文献
103.
pH值对7050铝合金膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用慢应变速率拉伸法和流变应力差值法研究了7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性随pH值的变化规律。结果表明:当pH≤7时,随着pH值的增大,膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性均下降,当pH7时,膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性随着pH值的增大而提高;而当pH=1,14时,腐蚀的类型为剥蚀,合金基体发生剥落,表面没有钝化膜产生。pH值在6~9之间时,膜致应力随pH的变化比较平缓,而pH在2~5和10~13之间时,膜致应力变化则较为剧烈,整体的变化曲线呈山谷形。膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性具有很强的相关性。XPS研究表明,膜致应力值与钝化膜的成分有关。 相似文献
104.
Optical waveguiding phenomena found in bioinspired chemically synthesized peptide nanostructures are a new paradigm which can revolutionize emerging fields of precise medicine and health monitoring. A unique combination of their intrinsic biocompatibility with remarkable multifunctional optical properties and developed nanotechnology of large peptide wafers makes them highly promising for new biomedical light therapy tools and implantable optical biochips. This Review highlights a new field of peptide nanophotonics. It covers peptide nanotechnology and the fabrication process of peptide integrated optical circuits, basic studies of linear and nonlinear optical phenomena in biological and bioinspired nanostructures, and their passive and active optical waveguiding. It is shown that the optical properties of this generation of bio‐optical materials are governed by fundamental biological processes. Refolding the peptide secondary structure is followed by wideband optical absorption and visible tunable fluorescence. In peptide optical waveguides, such a bio‐optical effect leads to switching from passive waveguiding mode in native α‐helical phase to an active one in the β‐sheet phase. The found active waveguiding effect in β‐sheet fiber structures below optical diffraction limit opens an avenue for the future development of new bionanophotonics in ultrathin peptide/protein fibrillar structures toward advanced biomedical nanotechnology. 相似文献
105.
106.
Rational Filters for Passive Depth from Defocus 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
A fundamental problem in depth from defocus is the measurement of relative defocus between images. The performance of previously proposed focus operators are inevitably sensitive to the frequency spectra of local scene textures. As a result, focus operators such as the Laplacian of Gaussian result in poor depth estimates. An alternative is to use large filter banks that densely sample the frequency space. Though this approach can result in better depth accuracy, it sacrifices the computational efficiency that depth from defocus offers over stereo and structure from motion. We propose a class of broadband operators that, when used together, provide invariance to scene texture and produce accurate and dense depth maps. Since the operators are broadband, a small number of them are sufficient for depth estimation of scenes with complex textural properties. In addition, a depth confidence measure is derived that can be computed from the outputs of the operators. This confidence measure permits further refinement of computed depth maps. Experiments are conducted on both synthetic and real scenes to evaluate the performance of the proposed operators. The depth detection gain error is less than 1%, irrespective of texture frequency. Depth accuracy is found to be 0.51.2% of the distance of the object from the imaging optics. 相似文献
107.
108.
闫浩 《单片机与嵌入式系统应用》2011,11(3):65-68
市场上车门无钥匙进入(Passive Keyless Entry,PKE)系统成本高、种类少、应用灵活度低,大部分汽车无法配备.本文在AES加密算法的基础上,提出了一种类似于滚动加密算法(KEELOQ)的通信安全协议,并应用于无钥匙进入系统,既降低了成本,又保证了通信安全,且更具灵活性. 相似文献
109.
110.
Dimensionality reduction is often required as a preliminary stage in many data analysis applications. In this paper, we propose a novel supervised dimensionality reduction method, called linear discriminant projection embedding (LDPE), for pattern recognition. LDPE first chooses a set of overlapping patches which cover all data points using a minimum set cover algorithm with geodesic distance constraint. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) is applied on each patch to obtain the data's local representations. Finally, patches alignment technique combined with modified maximum margin criterion (MMC) is used to yield the discriminant global embedding. LDPE takes both label information and structure of manifold into account, thus it can maximize the dissimilarities between different classes and preserve data's intrinsic structures simultaneously. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by extensive experiments using three standard face databases (ORL, YALE and CMU PIE). Experimental results show that LDPE outperforms other classical and state of art algorithms. 相似文献