RH精炼真空度对超低碳钢夹杂物去除的影响

 大尺寸非金属夹杂物是引起超低碳钢冷轧钢板表面线状缺陷的重要原因。以IF钢为例,铸坯中大尺寸夹杂物主要有3类,即结晶器保护渣卷入后被凝固坯壳捕获;连铸过程中钢水二次氧化产生且未上浮去除的;钢液中未充分去除的夹杂物在浸入式水口处粘连、堵塞,后续堵塞物脱落被凝固坯壳捕获。钢液一次脱氧生成的夹杂物中,不低于100 μm的夹杂物在RH处理过程中较容易去除,100 μm以下的夹杂物受钢液的流动影响较大,特别是不超过20 μm的夹杂物由于其上浮时间长、钢液流动的跟随性好,去除难度较大。RH是超低碳钢最重要的精炼设备,也是夹杂物去除的关键环节,研究RH去除20 μm夹杂物的新技术具有重要的意义。研究了RH脱碳结束加铝后真空度对夹杂物去除的影响,创新性提出了低真空度去除不超过20 μm夹杂物的新技术。研究结果表明,与高真空度处理工艺(常规工艺)相比,低真空度(压力5 kPa)处理的钢液中夹杂物数量降低更显著,中间包钢液总氧质量分数平均降低0.000 2%,钢液增氮水平相当。冷轧钢板因炼钢原因导致的线状缺陷降级率比常规工艺降低了29%。夹杂物在钢液中的跟随性理论分析表明,低真空度处理工艺下RH内钢液循环流量和钢液流速减小,降低了RH处理过程中夹杂物随钢液的跟随性,提高了不超过20 μm夹杂物的去除效率,有效改善了水口堵塞程度、提高了轧板表面质量。     

THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON BY-ONLY-CURRENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION OF INCLUSION FROM MOLTEN METALS

The electromagnetic field under applied AC and DC current in round and rectangular pipe was systematically investigated, then a concept of "equivalent current density" was proposed for evaluating the inhomogeneous electromagnetic pinch force, and the mono-component removal efficiency and the overall removal efficiency of inclusion were formulated. It is founded that flat pipe is superior to round pipe for the electromagnetic removal of inclusion, and DC current can get a higher removal efficiency than A C current due to absence of skin phenomenon. Under usual condition, a removal efficiency of 52% for 10μm inclusion or more than 92% for 20μm inclusion can be achieved by imposing a current density of 3×106A/m2 in a flat pipe.     

An experimental investigation into soft-pad grinding of wire-sawn silicon wafers

Silicon is the primary semiconductor material used to fabricate microchips. A series of processes are required to manufacture high-quality silicon wafers. Surface grinding is one of the processes used to flatten wire-sawn wafers. A major issue in grinding of wire-sawn wafers is reduction and elimination of wire-sawing induced waviness. Results of finite element analysis have shown that soft-pad grinding is very effective in reducing the waviness. This paper presents an experimental investigation into soft-pad grinding of wire-sawn silicon wafers. Wire-sawn wafers from a same silicon ingot were used for the study to ensure that these wafers have similar waviness. These wafers were ground using two different soft pads. As a comparison, some wafers were also ground on a rigid chuck. Effectiveness of soft-pad grinding in removing waviness has been clearly demonstrated.     

氟化铝生产废水处理工艺的研究

对氟化铝生产废水的处理方法进行了研究。结果表明，一级中和沉淀法和二级中和二级沉淀法均不宜用于氟化铝生产废水的结果，理想的处理方法是碱过量中和酸回调法，辅加氯化钙的石灰乳中和法也可考虑采用。     

Color and COD retention by nanofiltration membranes

In the present study the application of the nanofiltration process was investigated mainly in the retention ofcolor and chemical oxygen demand (COD) present in textile industry wastewater. Nanofiltration experiments were carried out in a pilot unit, operating in crossflow. Three different types of spiral wound membranes, DK 1073, NF 45 and MPS 31 were used simultaneously in the same unit. The results of the tests showed that for color retention, the values were around 99% for the DK 1073 and NF 45 membranes and the 87% for COD retention for the DK 1073. The permeate flux for the different wastewaters varied from 30.5 to 70 L/h.m². Fouling was observed in all membranes due to the accumulation of molecular species close to the filtering surface. The process was efficient and promising for the reuse of wastewater from this type of industry.     

我国木质素油田化学品的发展现状

本文综述了我国木质素类（碱木质素或木质素磺酸盐）油田化学品的最新进展，其中包括钻井液处理剂、油井水泥添加剂、堵水剂、调剖剂、稠油降粘剂和表面活性剂驱油的牺牲剂。目前我国木质素类堵水剂、调剖剂和稠油降粘剂的研究和应用方面已达到或超过世界先进水平，改性木质素磺酸盐的研究也接近国际先进水平，但钻井处理剂和水泥添加剂仅为美国的1／9，许多木质素化学品仍为空白。因此，这些油田化学品仍然是吸引人去研究的课题，期望不久的将来会有较大的进展。     

硫酸铜灭藻影响因素的试验研究

目的通过对硫酸铜灭藻影响因素的试验研究,确定出硫酸铜灭藻的最佳工况条件.方法以叶绿素a法作为检测方法,通过烧杯试验,确定处理含藻水的最佳硫酸铜投加量、接触反应时间、pH等参数.结果硫酸铜最佳投加量为1.5 mg/L;硫酸铜适宜的接触反应时间为8～12 h;pH值6.6左右时,硫酸铜藻类去除率较高,pH值＞9时,藻类去除率显著降低.结论 pH值对硫酸铜灭藻效果的影响较大;温度对硫酸铜灭藻有一定的影响;水中还原物质浓度对硫酸铜灭藻影响较小;藻类浓度不同对硫酸铜灭藻效果有一定的影响.     

盐水中硫酸根的脱除技术

指出了盐水中硫酸根的危害，介绍了盐水生产中脱除硫酸根的主要技术方法。     

炭粒床高效工业除尘装置的设计与开发

The new dust removal technical route using the carbon-granular bed filter,packed of carbon particles with appropriate grade derive from an online-process vibration sieve,to replace the traditional baggy filter had been developed successfully for capturing the micro-carbon dusts produced from pulverization of petroleum coke,and the green close loop of carbon materials is thus completed in the combined pulverizing and classifying system and pulverized carbon dust removal process.The high dust removal efficiency greater than 99%,low outlet dust concentration less than 100 mg.m-3,low pressure drop through dust filtration chamber less than 980 Pa,simple and easy design,and flexible and stable operation were achieved also with the carbon-granular bed filter in both bench and industrial scale operations.     

焦化废水除氟技术及其应用

阐述了焦化废水中氟离子的降解机理,分析了化学沉淀法和混凝沉降法等除氟工艺及其处理效果,并对宝钢焦化废水的除氟工艺的进行了评价。