Densification and Swelling in UO2 Pellets under Hydrostatic Pressure Condition

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the volume change in unirradiated UO₂ pellets has been examined using an out-of-pile high pressure annealing technique. The pellet volume change was generated by annealing UO₂ pellets at 1,500°C and at higher or lower ambient external pressures of 10–150 MPa Ar/0.2%H₂ gas than the sintering pressures of 50 or 100MPa at 1,800°C. The pressure difference, Δ P, between bubble internal and external hydrostatic pressures during the annealing corresponded to a range of ?101 to 82MPa. The volume change directly depended on the sign and magnitude of Δ P. More negative Δ P caused larger densification due to the shrinkage of the as-sintered bubbles. Almost no volume change was observed at nearly zero Δ P, and fuel swelling due to the bubble growth increased at more positive Δ P. The bubble shrinkage and growth data were analyzed by the rate equation of Hull and Rimmer. The fractional volume changes calculated by the model were in good accordance with the measured values in the wide range of—8 to +10%.     

Simulation of Bubble Motion under Gravity by Lattice Boltzmann Method

We describe the numerical simulation results of bubble motion under gravity by the lattice Boltzmann method(LBM), which assumes that a fluid consists of mesoscopic fluid particles repeating collision and translation and a multiphase interface is reproduced in a self-organizing way by repulsive interaction between different kinds of particles. The purposes in this study are to examine the applicability of LBM to the numerical analysis of bubble motions, and to develop a three-dimensional version of the binary fluid model that introduces a free energy function. We included the buoyancy terms due to the density difference in the lattice Boltzmann equations, and simulated single- and two-bubble motions, setting flow conditions according to the Eötvös and Morton numbers. The two-dimensional results by LBM agree with those by the Volume of Fluid method based on the Navier-Stokes equations. The three-dimensional model possesses the surface tension satisfying the Laplace's law, and reproduces the motion of single bubble and the two- bubble interaction of their approach and coalescence in circular tube. These results prove that the buoyancy terms and the 3D model proposed here are suitable, and that LBM is useful for the numerical analysis of bubble motion under gravity.     

基于孔隙网络模型的微观水驱油驱替特征变化规律研究

结合逾渗理论,采用截断威布尔分布作为孔喉特征分布函数,模拟储层岩心的初次油驱过程和二次水驱过程,建立了油水两相三维准静态孔隙网络模型;通过模型计算与试验结果的对比,验证了孔隙网络模型的有效性。利用建立的孔隙网络模型,研究了岩心在水湿情况下,储层微观孔隙结构参数如孔喉比、配位数、形状因子等对水驱油驱替特征的影响。研究结果表明,储层岩心的孔喉比越小、配位数和形状因子越大,残余油饱和度越小,水驱油的驱替效果越好;形状因子的变化对驱油效率影响较大。     

厚壁MCM-41中孔分子筛的合成

在水热条件下,以硅酸钠、活性氧化铝为硅源和铝源,表面活性剂ＣＴＭＡＢ为结构模板剂,对合成过程的凝胶组成、晶化温度、晶化时间等因素进行正交试验,成功地合成出相对结晶度高的厚壁ＭＣＭ－４１中孔分子筛材料。采用ＸＲＤ、低温Ｎ２吸附（ＢＥＴ）等测试手段对合成的ＭＣＭ－４１样品进行表征。考察了影响ＭＣＭ－４１孔壁厚度的主要因素。结果表明,向体系中加入适量的稀硫酸和有机酸,有效地控制了体系的ｐＨ,提高了ＭＣＭ－４１的相对结晶度和孔壁厚度。通过优化合成条件,合成出孔径３１８ｎｍ、比表面大于１０００ｍ２·ｇ－１、孔壁厚度２８２ｎｍ的ＭＣＭ－４１中孔分子筛。     

聚丙烯酸对纳米SiO_2薄膜性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体、聚丙烯酸(PAA)为增孔剂制备大孔径SiO_2薄膜,研究了PAA添加量对薄膜孔径的影响、烧结温度与薄膜孔径及晶相转化之间的关系。通过热重分析仪(TG-DTG)、氮气吸附-脱附法、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、红外光谱仪(IR)对样品性能进行表征。结果表明,随着PAA添加量的增多,孔径随之增大,当添加量达到15%(体积分数)时,薄膜表面出现裂纹;随着烧结温度的升高,SiO_2晶相发生转变及PAA完全炭化使得薄膜孔径增大。实验确定,PAA最佳加入量为10%,且最佳烧结温度为800℃时制得的SiO_2薄膜的热稳定性良好,表面平整致密,平均孔径为53.73nm。     

Accurate and Fast Proximity Queries Between Polyhedra Using Convex Surface Decomposition

The need to perform fast and accurate proximity queries arises frequently in physically-based modeling, simulation, animation, real-time interaction within a virtual environment, and game dynamics. The set of proximity queries include intersection detection, tolerance verification, exact and approximate minimum distance computation, and (disjoint) contact determination. Specialized data structures and algorithms have often been designed to perform each type of query separately. We present a unified approach to perform any of these queries seamlessly for general, rigid polyhedral objects with boundary representations which are orientable 2-manifolds. The proposed method involves a hierarchical data structure built upon a surface decomposition of the models. Furthermore, the incremental query algorithm takes advantage of coherence between successive frames. It has been applied to complex benchmarks and compares very favorably with earlier algorithms and systems.     

泡沫铝的声频内耗

研究了泡沫Ａｌ的声频内耗，结果表明：泡沫Ａｌ的内耗值比普通Ａｌ大一个量级以上，且随测量频率的增加而减小。出现了正常振幅效应。用平面波动方程，推导了泡沫Ａｌ的内耗与频率，孔隙率和孔径的关系，较好地解释了实验结果。     

空炉冷态和满装炉量下真空高压气淬过程流场与温度场数值模拟和实验研究

本文采用标准的k-ε三维紊流模型,利用FLUENT软件对喷嘴型真空高压气淬炉中空炉冷态流场和工件满装炉量下气固耦合流动传热过程进行了数值模拟计算.建立了符合实际的控制方程和简化物理模型,对空炉冷态下炉内的气体流动特征点进行流速测量,通过实测值与计算机模拟结果进行对比,验证了流场模拟计算的准确性和适用性;预测了满炉状态下炉区内的气体流动和工件温度分布,实测了指定工件的冷却曲线,比模拟冷却时间慢,误差在10％以内.     

改性磷石膏的强度与孔结构的研究

本工作研究了矿物掺合料(矿渣、粉煤灰)和激发剂(熟石灰和水泥)对磷石膏强度的影响,并且探索了水泥对磷石膏耐水系数的影响。此外对磷石膏改性处理后的微观形貌和孔结构进行了分析。研究结果表明:矿渣和粉煤灰均能提高磷石膏的强度,且矿渣对磷石膏强度的增强作用更明显;但两者对磷石膏耐水性的增强作用并不明显,矿渣掺量过多时会由于延迟钙矾石的形成而导致石膏开裂。水泥和熟石灰作为激发剂时可以增强磷石膏的强度,熟石灰的增强作用更明显。水泥对磷石膏的耐水性能有一定的增强作用。磷石膏的水胶比、养护龄期和矿物掺合料可以改变其孔隙率,但不会改变其孔径分布;粉煤灰可以提高石膏的孔隙率,并且改变其孔径分布;水泥会降低石膏的孔隙率并改变其孔结构。     

Central venous oxygen saturation and thoracic admittance during dialysis: new approaches to hemodynamic monitoring

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is one of the most important short-term complications to hemodialysis (HD). Inadequate cardiac filling due to a reduction in the central blood volume is believed to be a major etiological factor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether these pathophysiologic events are reflected in the central venous oxygen saturation (ScO(2)) and thoracic admittance (TA) during dialysis. Twenty ambulatory HD patients, 11 hypotension prone (HP) and 9 hypotension resistant, with central vascular access, were monitored during 3 HD sessions each. ScO(2), TA, finger blood pressure (BP), and relative change in blood volume (DeltaBV) were measured and sampled continuously. The relative TA decrease and DeltaBV were both largest in the HP group (p<0.05 for both), whereas ScO(2) decreased only in HP patients (p<0.001). Baseline TA was lower in the HP group (p<0.01). Changes in ScO(2) and TA correlated much closer than did changes in ScO(2) and DeltaBV (r=0.43 and 0.18, respectively). Our results suggest that an intradialytic decrease in cardiac output, as reflected by a fall in ScO(2), is a common feature to HD patients prone to IDH. In patients using a central vascular access, ScO(2) and TA measurements may be more specific to the pathophysiologic events preceding IDH than DeltaBV-the current standard monitoring method.