莺─琼盆地梅山组烃源岩中树脂物质的特征和赋存形式

莺─琼盆地中新统梅山组有机质类型为典型的Ⅲ型干酪根，其饱和烃和芳烃馏分中富含来源于化石树脂的杜松烷系列化合物。显微镜分析表明梅山组有机质中树脂体含量较低，在有机显微组分所占比例在４％以下，平均含量只有１．５％～２％，且颗粒细小，多为１～３μｍ。干酪根超薄切片的透射电子显微镜分析证实微米级和微米级以下超微树脂体在低成熟（Ｒｏ＜０．７０％）梅山组烃源岩干酪根中广泛存在，其丰度可达５％～１０％，而较高成熟度下则其中广泛存在亚微粒体和微粒体。梅山组烃源岩植物树脂主要赋存在超微层次和分子级层次，成烃过程中植物树脂的贡献远较烃源岩中树脂体数量所反映的高。根据梅山组有机质组成和丰度，认为它可作为良好气源岩，丰富树脂物质的存在大大提高了其生气强度。     

柴达木盆地油泉子储油构造分析

通过对野外露头、地震反射剖面和钻井资料的综合分析,查明柴达木盆地油泉子储油构造为共轭膝褶带夹持的不对称半箱状背斜,具有北北东倾的平直转折端,北翼为一宽超过800m的大型膝褶带,高角度倾向南南西,带内岩层产状直立。带内岩层的旋转指示南侧沿膝褶带向北逆向剪切。南翼发育四条规模较小的膝褶带,向南逆冲剪切,导致该翼呈阶梯状产出,总体南南西倾,倾角约20°。沿南北两翼膝褶带边界仅见小型高角逆断层,膝褶带内裂隙发育,主要为顺层张裂隙,其次为与层理近垂直的张裂隙(主要出现在坚硬的钙质粉砂岩中),偶尔见有小型低角逆冲断层。这些断裂普遍被纤维状石膏充填,并见少量油迹,表明这些断裂为高流体压力下的产物。鉴于膝褶带及相关背斜高点为裂隙发育带,具有油气运移和聚集的双重功能,在缺乏足够理想的岩性储集层的情况下,为寻找裂隙型油气藏提供了新途径。     

四川盆地下二叠统,上三叠统水动力场与天然气保存

下二叠统和上三叠统储集层是四川盆地油气主力产层。在对其水动力场控制因素分析研究的基础上，对实测地层压力资料进行数据处理，分别建立了Ｐ１和Ｔ３地层压力预测模型。地层埋深，孔隙度，构造抬升率和褶皱强度等为现今水动力场的主要控制因素，其中地层埋深对地层压力的影响最大。     

一种新的TOC含量拟合方法研究与应用

由于取样的限制,通常在烃源岩评价中往往只能获得十分有限的实测烃源岩的TOC含量数据。但随着我国多数盆地精细勘探的深入,需要更加精细的烃源岩评价,因此,人们对测井数据拟合烃源岩的TOC含量变化越来越重视。目前该技术最先进的是人工神经网络拟合方法,但多种神经网络在拟合高成熟度碳酸盐岩烃源岩地层的TOC含量时相关性均不够高。针对研究区内烃源岩的特点,尝试了一种用图版分类-模糊排队-BP神经网络联合拟合TOC含量的新方法。利用该方法对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组的测井资料和实测总有机碳资料进行数据处理,将结果与ΔlogR方法、模糊神经网络方法的结果相比较,证实该方法的结果与实测值有更好的相关性,为系统了解鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界烃源岩发育提供了一定的科学依据。     

Water governance and scalar politics across multiple-boundary river basins: states,catchments and regional powers in the Iberian Peninsula

Karezes (qanats), historically vital sources of water for multiple uses in the driest parts of the world, have been deteriorating over the past five decades. This paper provides a review of the global literature on the status and potential of karezes, and offers country case studies for Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It offers syntheses of key issues, lessons, options and proposed interventions for re-vitalizing the karez systems. The paper identifies criteria for prioritizing karez systems for rehabilitation and outlines key conditions for their effective functioning and sustainability. The paper suggests that the benefits of restoring karez systems to local communities are large and some systems, such as the Ain Zubaida in the Makkah Al-Mukaramah Region, are of global importance.     

青东凹陷油气资源潜力

青东凹陷是济阳坳陷的一个次级的构造单元,位于渤海浅水海域。该凹陷主力油源层埋藏浅,成熟度低,人们对其勘探潜力认识不足。文章对青东凹陷石油基础地质条件进行了综合分析,认为其深洼区烃源岩已经成熟;并提出凹陷构造运动微弱,保存条件较好,以及油气近距离成藏等新认识;经研究认为有利勘探区域为靠近生油中心的各类构造和地层 圈闭。     

莺-琼盆地纵横波速度特征与AVO响应特征的关系研究

在莺-琼盆地,气层表现出了多种多样的AVO特征,有的为"Ⅲ"类,有的为"Ⅳ"类或"Ⅱ"类,有的偏离背景,有的与背景一致,这些复杂多样的AVO特征为应用AVO技术进行流体检测带来了较大的困难.为此,本文对近百口已钻井储层的AVO特征与纵、横波速度特征的关系进行了研究,并对产生这种关系的原因进行了详细分析,结果表明储层的纵...     

Natural and human forcing in recent geomorphic change; case studies in the Rio de la Plata basin

An analysis of geomorphic system's response to change in human and natural drivers in some areas within the Río de la Plata basin is presented. The aim is to determine whether an acceleration of geomorphic processes has taken place in recent years and, if so, to what extent it is due to natural (climate) or human (land-use) drivers. Study areas of different size, socio-economic and geomorphic conditions have been selected: the Río de la Plata estuary and three sub-basins within its watershed. Sediment cores were extracted and dated (²¹⁰Pb) to determine sedimentation rates since the end of the 19th century. Rates were compared with time series on rainfall as well as human drivers such as population, GDP, livestock load, crop area, energy consumption or cement consumption, all of them related to human capacity to disturb land surface. Data on river discharge were also gathered. Results obtained indicate that sedimentation rates during the last century have remained essentially constant in a remote Andean basin, whereas they show important increases in the other two, particularly one located by the São Paulo metropolitan area. Rates in the estuary are somewhere in between. It appears that there is an intensification of denudation/sedimentation processes within the basin.Rainfall remained stable or varied very slightly during the period analysed and does not seem to explain increases of sedimentation rates observed. Human drivers, particularly those more directly related to capacity to disturb land surface (GDP, energy or cement consumption) show variations that suggest human forcing is a more likely explanation for the observed change in geomorphic processes. It appears that a marked increase in denudation, of a “technological” nature, is taking place in this basin and leading to an acceleration of sediment supply. This is coherent with similar increases observed in other regions.     

参证流域选择的灰关联度分析方法

在定性分析与定量研究相结合的基础上，提出了水文参证流域选择的灰关联度分析方法，实例表明，这种方法比较合理，对于水文参证流域的优选有一定意义。     

加强小流域建设 促进经济发展

江西省小流域综合治理已取得了显著成效，要进一步加强小流域建设，就必须根据市场经济的需要，加强管理，加大开发力度，坚持大平衡原则，采取租赁、承包、拍卖土地使用权、合股开发等多种方式调动各单位和群众的积极性，并开展以小流域组为单元的治理开发，开发城效型小流域。