针刺耐火纤维用膏体表面润滑剂的研制简

介绍了针刺耐火纤维用膏体表面润滑剂的研制过程,得到了用柴油/甘油混合溶剂与十八伯胺醋酸盐制作针刺耐火纤维用膏体表面润滑剂的结论。各物料的具体配比为柴油：甘油：十八伯胺醋酸盐=7.5~15∶67.5~60∶25（重量比）。其制作过程可以用十八伯胺和醋酸在柴油中合成后加入甘油调制,也可直接用十八伯胺醋酸盐按比例直接加热配制。     

制氢转化炉炉顶衬里结构的改造设计

通过制氢转化炉炉顶衬里结构改造两种设计方案的介绍,说明折叠式耐火陶瓷纤维模块用于转化炉炉顶衬里的优点.     

溶胶-凝胶结合浇注料的实验室研究

溶胶-凝胶耐火材料与原来的耐火材料相比具有许多优点.通过制作溶胶-凝胶结合浇注料试样的实验,对其进行差热分析和电镜检验分析,研究浇注料物化性能,探讨硅铝胶结合剂的实验室开发,对溶胶-凝胶结合技术在耐火材料上的应用得出初步认识.     

透水砖防堵技术研究与展望

透水砖的铺设能有效地降低城市的洪涝风险,是海绵城市建设的重要环节.透水砖在使用过程中,因雨水径流中颗粒物的累积效应,导致透水性能降低,使用寿命缩短.笔者综述了透水砖的孔隙结构、堵塞机理以及透水砖的防堵塞技术.透水砖的表面和内部孔隙因截留雨水径流中的颗粒物而产生堵塞,堵塞位置和程度受透水砖孔隙结构、雨水径流颗粒物性质及流...     

煤焦浆气化炉用耐火材料的选择

采用回转抗渣法进行氧化锆砖、高纯刚玉砖、铬刚玉砖、86高铬砖和90高铬砖等不同材质耐火材料抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力的对比试验,并采用扫描电镜和X衍射等分析方法对侵蚀试验砖的显微结构进行了观察与分析,研究了不同材质耐火材料抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力的差异.结果显示:90高铬砖抗石油焦渣侵蚀能力最好,试验前后厚度几乎无变化;氧化锆砖最差,侵蚀厚度达14 mm;不同材质耐火材料抗侵蚀性能优劣的顺序为:90铬砖>85铬砖>铬刚玉砖>刚玉砖>氧化锆砖.     

Evaluation of alumina reinforced oil fly ash composites prepared by spark plasma sintering

The thermomechanical behavior of micro/nano-alumina (Al₂O₃) ceramics reinforced with 1-5 wt.% of acid-treated oil fly ash (OFA) was investigated. Composites were sintered using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique at a temperature of 1400°C by applying a constant uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa. It was evaluated that the fracture toughness of micro- and nanosized composites improved in contrast with the monolithic alumina. Highest fracture toughness value of 4.85 MPam^1/2 was measured for the nanosized composite reinforced with 5 wt.% OFA. The thermal conductivity of the composites (nano-/microsized) decreased with the increase in temperature. However, the addition of OFA (1-5 wt.%) in nanosized alumina enhanced the thermal conductivity at an evaluated temperature. Furthermore, a minimum thermal expansion value of 6.17 ppm*K⁻¹ was measured for nanosized Al₂O₃/5 wt.% OFA composite. Microstructural characterization of Al₂O₃-OFA composites was done by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Oil fly ash particles were seen to be well dispersed within the alumina matrix. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the nano-/microsized Al₂O₃/OFA composites shows that the mechanical and thermal properties were improved in nanosized alumina composites.     

Study of the refractory used in a submerged arc furnace in the copper-making industry

A cost driver in the copper-making industry is the periodical relining of the furnaces because of wear. This paper presents thermochemical calculations (using the FactSage^™ database) focused on the evaluation of the slag-refractory chemical interaction in a submerged arc furnace (SAF) used for slag-cleaning operations. This evaluation was made under different conditions: slag-refractory volume ratio, oxygen partial pressure, and different types of slag. The new phases formed as a consequence of the slag-refractory chemical interaction were identified and quantified. To support the theoretical calculations based on thermochemistry, a postmortem study was carried out on a SAF used at the Atlantic Copper Smelter (Spain) after a 6-year campaign (4.5 mill. t. slag processed). Refractory samples were taken from different locations on the wall and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy system.     

水煤浆加压气化炉托砖板法兰的维修

从高温炉渣及粗煤气的冲蚀、高温粗煤气的腐蚀、高温介质对金属材料的烧蚀等方面分析了水煤浆加压气化炉托砖板法兰损毁的原因;介绍了新更换的托砖板法兰的技术要求、维修过程和改进措施。     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定硅质、铝质、镁质和铬质耐火材料中15种组分

硅质、铝质、镁质和铬质耐火材料中MgO、Na₂O、Fe₂O₃、MnO、Cr₂O₃、TiO₂、P₂O₅、SiO₂、CaO、K₂O、Al₂O₃等组分含量的分析,一般采用EDTA滴定法、分光光度法、原子吸收光谱法测定,操作繁琐,耗时长;而使用X射线荧光光谱法分析时,4种基体的耐火材料需要采用不同的熔融方法和校准曲线。为了将4种基体的耐火材料统一制样方法,并使用同一组校准曲线同时测定MgO、ZrO₂、Na₂O、ZnO、NiO、Fe₂O₃、MnO、Cr₂O₃、V₂O₅、TiO₂、P₂O₅、SiO₂、CaO、K₂O、Al₂O₃等主次组分,实验选用3套国外耐火材料标准样品,并对熔融温度、时间、稀释比等熔融制样条件进行优化;通过峰位及强度扫描确定各元素电压、电流、准直器等条件,达到灵敏度与分辨率最佳,通过扫描PHA确定脉冲宽度,提高准确度。理论α系数校正元素间吸收增强效应,用比例法计算校正谱线重叠,优化校准曲线,提高分析方法准确度。各组分校准曲线线性相关系数R²在0.9940~0.9999之间。按照实验方法熔融JRRM507、JRRM803、JRRM129 3个标准样品,进行方法精密度和熔片精密度试验,结果表明重复性均能达到GB/T 21114—2007要求。按照实验方法选择镁铬矿、高岭土、铝土矿3类标准物质进行正确度验证,VS P14/3、UNS KK、ZBK394标准物质中MgO、ZrO₂、Na₂O、ZnO、NiO、Fe₂O₃、MnO、Cr₂O₃、V₂O₅、TiO₂、P₂O₅、SiO₂、CaO、K₂O、Al₂O₃等主次组分的测定结果与认定值相吻合。     

不同熔渣对钢包铝镁铬材料渣蚀行为的影响

选取冶炼取向硅钢和铝镇静钢的精炼终渣及钢包用铝镁铬砖,采用静态坩埚法于1600 ℃×3 h下进行熔渣侵蚀试验,对渣蚀后试样作显微结构分析,并测定熔渣的化学成分和熔化温度.结果显示,随着熔渣中Al2O3含量的升高和碱度的增加,熔渣的熔点升高,粘度增加.粘度较大的熔渣与耐火材料接触后扩散较慢,对耐火材料的侵蚀和渗透减弱.并且当熔渣与耐火材料的反应产物为高熔点的CA2、CA6和MA尖晶石相且连续交错分布时,能堵塞液相扩散通道,抑制熔渣向耐火材料内部的进一步渗透.