KNOWLEDGE-BASED FEATURE DISCOVERY FOR EVALUATION FUNCTIONS

Since Samuel's work on checkers over thirty years ago, much effort has been devoted to learning evaluation functions. However, all such methods are sensitive to the feature set chosen to represent the examples. If the features do not capture aspects of the examples significant for problem solving, the learned evaluation function may be inaccurate or inconsistent. Typically, good feature sets are carefully handcrafted and a great deal of time and effort goes into refining and tuning them. This paper presents an automatic knowledge-based method for generating features for evaluation functions. The feature set is developed iteratively: features are generated, then evaluated, and this information is used to develop new features in turn. Both the contribution of a feature and its computational expense are considered in determining whether and how to develop it further.
This method has been applied to two problem-solving domains: the Othello board game and the domain of telecommunications network management. Empirical results show that the method is able to generate many known features and several novel features and to improve concept accuracy in both domains.     

Anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor using an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

The anaerobic digestion of alkaline black liquor from a cereal straw pulping mill was studied in batch (serum bottles) and continuous systems (up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor—UASB). The batch digestion studies confirmed that lignin and related compounds (LRC) in the alkaline black liquor were the main inhibitory substances and could not be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria. At organic loading rates of 5–10 kg COD m^?3 day^?1, the UASB reactor achieved 50–60% COD removal efficiencies. Gas production was 2–3 dm³ per dm³ of alkaline black liquor. Two different sludge types were examined in the reactor: granular and cluster-like sludges. Sludge in a cluster, which involved many small granules and flocs, tended to form larger aggregates and possessed good settling ability.     

宽频带函数波形产生器的研制

本文介绍以ＭＡＸ０３８为基础而研制的宽频带函数波形产生器，它可以产生２￣２×＾７Ｈｚ频率范围的正弦波、三角波、锯齿波和矩形波以及与它们同步的ＴＴＬ脉冲信号。     

Authority updating: An expert authority evaluation algorithm considering post‐evaluation and power indices in social networks

In group assessment, the focus is on finding high‐authority experts to improve the reliability of assessment results. In this study, we propose an authority updating algorithm while considering the power and judgement reliability of an expert on the basis of social networks and post‐evaluations. A network power index is established and used to reflect the power of an expert while considering social networks. The measurement of the judgement reliability of an expert considers the post‐evaluation of the objects selected by experts, thereby more scientifically reflecting the reliability of experts. The analysis shows the following: although the social‐network structure influences the authority of experts, the influence weakens when the assessment group is a highly or even fully connected group; the network effect may increase the authority of some experts and reduce that of others, and it will weaken as the network connectivity increases; moreover, the judgement reliability and authority of an expert while considering post‐evaluation can encourage him/her to make fair assessments and strive to reduce his/her motivation and cognitive biases.     

Building a right digital twin with model engineering

In recent years, the concept of digital twin (DT) is attracting more and more attention from researchers and engineers. But there is still no consensus on what a right DT is. On one hand, some common models are renamed as DTs. On the other hand, some DTs extremely pursue ‘the same’ as physical objects, which bring unnecessary complexities to them. In this paper, we try to answer two questions from the point of view of model engineering: how to define a right digital twin, and how to build a right digital twin. The concept and related technologies of model engineering are introduced. Some basic principles and a set of metrics for a right DT are given. An evolutionary concurrent modeling method for DT (ECoM4DT) is proposed not only inheriting the theory from classic M&S methods but also highlighting the characteristics of DT compared with traditional models to systemically guide the DT modeling process.     

铝阳极氧化膜颜色的检验和观察法

介绍铝及铝合金阳极氧化膜颜色的概念和描写,对颜色的儿种测量方法进行了比较,重点分析观察法及其在各国标准中的异同。在此基础上,提出了GB8013中的对颜色进行观察的条件和理论根据。     

DD—921钢铁常温发黑剂的研制和应用

研究了钢铁常温发黑过程的成膜机理,各组分之间的作用以及相互之间的影响,着重分析了常温发黑的优缺点,工艺控制参数以及经济性。     

碳纳米管及稀土元素钇(Y)对高Ni含量Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织与性能的影响

研究了不同含量的碳纳米管及0.8%稀土Y对高Ni含量Ti(C,N)基金属陶瓷组织性能的影响.将不同成分的试样分别于1400℃、1410 ℃、1420℃真空烧结,测试抗弯强度、洛氏硬度,观察背散射电子形貌、断口形貌并做能谱分析.结果表明,加入质量分数(下同)为0.8%Y及0.3%～1.0%的碳纳米管时,碳纳米管含量为0.5%的组织较均匀,芯壳结构明显,抗弯强度及硬度均较高.     

萃取预分离法分离富铕中钇矿新工艺

采用一种新的串级萃取方式--萃取预分离法分离富铕中钇矿的新工艺.原料首先流入十几的三出口预先粗分离工艺,其萃余液La～Gd(TbDy)直接流入Nd/Sm工艺;中间出口流入(Gd)Tb～HoY(Er)Gd～Dy/Ho～LuY细分离工艺;出口负载有机相(Ho)Er～LuY流入Gd～Dy/Ho～LuY的洗涤段.结果表明,新工艺的粗分离工艺将占原料约70%的La～Gd(TbDy)预分离掉,使流入Gd～Dy/Ho～LuY工艺的稀土量减少约70%;由于Gd～Dy/Ho～LuY分组的萃余液GdTbDy含Ho2O3小于0.03%,省去原工艺的GdTbDy/HoY分离;新工艺的处理能力提高30%,酸碱消耗减少20%以上,贵重稀土元素Eu和Tb的存槽量大大减少.     

变频开关电源Fuzzy-PID控制器的设计

针对感应式变频开关电源在对金属材料进行热处理过程中，负载的等效参数和谐振频率发生变化，而变频电源的输出频率不能及时调整和跟踪的问题，结合PID和Fuzzy控制技术的优点，设计Fuzzy-PID控制器对变频电源进行控制，在大偏差时用Fuzzy控制，在小偏差时用PID调节。Fuzzy-PID控制器以单片机8098为核心，采用SPWM专用芯片SA4828，实现变频开关电源的电压、电流双闭环控制，使变频电源不仅具有较快的动态响应、更小的超调，并且具有较高的稳态精度和频率跟踪控制特性。