催化合成高聚合度萘磺酸盐缩合物

用工业萘、硫酸、甲醛为原料,合成出聚合度为16～21的β 萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物。确立了n(甲醛)/n(萘)=0 88～0 90,反应温度(110±5)℃,反应时间3h,催化剂MA用量为萘质量的1%的最佳工艺条件。产品性能测试表明,加入质量分数为0 8%的产品,混凝土减水率可达21%以上,抗压强度可提高60%以上。     

螺旋槽管外含高浓度不凝组分蒸汽冷凝传热研究

分析了含高浓度不凝组分蒸汽在立式螺旋槽管表面强制对流冷凝的传热机理。在不凝性组分体积百分浓度超过９０％时，螺旋槽管的强化传热效果不明显，而含量为４４％～９０％时，螺旋槽管总换热系数比光滑管提高２０％～３５％。     

溶液缩聚物分子量分布及其控制的研究

本文根据溶液缩聚基本原理及反应过程的基本事实，用随机过程方法，得到缩聚产物分子量分布函数，并对分子量及其分布的控制作了讨论。     

Aldol condensation in gaseous phase by zeolite catalysts

Vapour-phase reactions of, in situ, prepared formaldehyde with methyl propionate were studied using X, Y and ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts. Base properties of these zeolites were enhanced by KOH or NaN₃ treatment. The niobium and molybdenum ZSM-5 zeolite supported oxides were also tested for their catalytic activity. The results are discussed in terms of an ability of zeolite catalysts to synthesize methyl methacrylate.     

一种高吸水性新型高分子复合肥载体的研究

研究了一种新型高吸水率和高吸收利用率的高分子复合肥 ,它以脲甲醛缩聚物作为载体 ,以聚乙烯醇缩甲醛作为吸水功能体 ,以磷酸钙、氯化钾作为包覆体 ,以硬质聚氨酯泡沫作为支撑体并采用发泡工艺制备。     

Synthesis of Pseudoionones by Acid and Base Solid Catalysts

The preparation of pseudoionones by aldol condensation reaction between citral and acetone have been carried out in the presence of acid (HY and beta zeolites), an acid–base (amorphous aluminophosphate) and basic catalysts such as an aluminophosphate oxynitride, MgO and different activated hydrotalcites. The results showed that acid or acid–base catalysts were not successful for performing in one pot the preparation of ionones. MgO and calcined hydrotalcites showed excellent activity and selectivity to pseudoionones, with calcined hydrotalcite more selective than MgO. Moreover, the rate of reaction can be improved by activating the hydrotalcite through rehydration. This activation can be successfully done by simply adding the optimum amount of water to the calcined hydrotalcite before reaction. The inhibiting effect of the concentration citral on the catalytic activity of rehydrated hydrotalcites that has been reported to occur at 273 K can be avoided by working at a reaction temperature of 333 K.     

香料紫罗兰酮合成工艺研究

以山苍子油、柠檬草油为原料合成紫罗兰酮,研究了缩合反应、环化反应、产品精制的工艺条件;并缩合反应中,柠檬醛的转化率为99%以上,产品得率95%;环化反应中,假性紫罗兰酮的转化率98%以上,产品得率90%。产品中总含酮量95%,其中α-紫罗兰酮占80%。     

Aldol condensation of campholenic aldehyde and MEK over activated hydrotalcites

In this paper, activated Mg-Al hydrotalcites were used as catalysts in the aldol condensation of campholenic aldehyde and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). These materials represent an attractive alternative to less environmentally friendly liquid bases in a number of base-catalyzed reactions involved in the pharmaceutical and fragrance industries. The presence of basic hydroxyl groups in the interlayer space leads to very active materials. However, the relation between the activity of reconstructed hydrotalcites and the rehydration procedure is still not well understood. Different rehydration protocols in combination with extensive characterization studies were performed, including XRD, SEM, IR spectroscopy and TPD of CH₃CN and CH₃NO₂. The materials were tested as catalysts in the aldol condensation of campholenic aldehyde and MEK, and relationships between the catalytic performance of the activated hydrotalcites and the rehydration procedure were derived. Several factors may influence the activity and selectivity of this reaction, such as the reaction temperature, the molar ratio of the reactants and the degree of rehydration of the hydrotalcite-like catalysts. The selectivity towards the formation of the desired branched isomer increases when performing the reaction at low temperatures.     

一类含查尔酮结构的光敏性二胺的合成研究

以醛、酮为原料经羟醛缩合反应合成了具有一类含查尔酮结构的光敏性二胺:1-(3-氨基苯基)-3-(4-氨基苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮与对-二(间氨基肉桂酰)苯.通过优化实验得到最佳的合成工艺为:醛、酮在温度为0℃下,以乙醇为溶剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,进行羟醛缩合反应3h.收率可达到86%,经液相色谱分析其纯度分别为99.92%,99.91%,紫外可见最大吸收波长分别为349nm、361nm.所得方法操作简便,收率较高,原料易得.并用元素分析、核磁共振、红外光谱等手段对产物的结构进行了表征.     

聚乳酸的直接合成研究(Ⅱ)

研究了以乳酸单体为原料的直接熔融缩聚的工艺条件,包括工艺路线、原料含水率、催化剂种类、温度及余压对合成的影响。结果表明:采用适当的工艺能通过熔融缩聚法制备出高分子质量的聚乳酸,且具有良好的生物降解性能。