凝汽式汽轮机低真空供热改造分析

结合河北沧州发电厂凝汽式汽轮机低真空供热改造实际,对改造时需考虑的因素进行全面分析,并提出了相应的对策,为同类机组低真空供热改造提供借鉴和参考。     

电力网络支路参数估计新方法

基于新息图法,提出了一种电力网络中支路参数估计的新方法.根据系统中某支路存在网络参数错误时,该支路及其相连支路的新息值比较大的特点识别网络参数错误.然后利用回路新息相角和,估计存在网络参数错误的支路的参数值.该方法辨识和估计网络参数错误较快,且简单有效.通过IEEE-5节点系统算例的计算,表明此方法能够比较准确地估计网络参数错误,并验证了网络参数错误与坏数据、拓扑错误同时发生时该方法的有效性.     

熔渗法AgW（75）触头材料研究

电触头作为电器设备的关键元件之一,既是载流体,又是机械零部件,要求具有良好的导电导热性、耐电孤烧损、抗熔焊、低而稳定的接触电阻、有一定的强度和易于机械加工等。本研究采用粉末冶金熔渗技术制备AgW（75）电触头材料,对其进行复压、复烧,并测量了其力学物理性能和显微组织。结果表明,粉末冶金熔渗技术与复压复烧相结合制备的AgW（75）触头材料的相对密度高,硬度达到国家标准要求,但材料收缩性大。     

射孔完井合理射开程度的数值模拟研究

射孔是油气井的主要完井方式之一,不同的射孔参数对井的产能有不同的影响。为科学而准确地预测不同射孔条件下井的产能,利用有限元分析法建立了三维单相油藏渗流数学模型,讨论了有限差分法对模型的求解。针对长庆油田低渗透、低产能的特点,通过数值分析法,分析了不同射开程度对油井产能比的影响,为选择合理的射孔方案,最大程度地提高油井产能提供了理论依据,对指导现场射孔作业有重要的实际意义。     

多点地质统计学算法Snesim参数敏感性分析

Snesim是第一个被应用到油田储层建模中的多点地质统计学算法。文中以弯曲河道作训练图像,对该算法建模过程中常涉及到的参数(如目标边际分布与伺服系统参数、搜索半径与搜索角、旋转角与仿射率,以及多重网格层数等)进行敏感性分析。分析结果表明:当目标相比例值与训练图像边际概率值接近时,模拟结果较合理;增大伺服系统参数可使模拟结果的边际概率接近目标相比例,但伺服系统参数设置过高将降低河道连续性;搜索邻域应与模拟维度相适应;局部旋转角和仿射率可将训练图像中的平稳与非平稳信息融合起来,用于趋势模拟;多重网格模拟中,网格层数取决于最大尺度结构信息的大小。以上认识可为利用Snesim算法进行储层建模提供一定的指导。     

Impregnation of carbonate rock by deasphalted oil with the use of a supercritical fluid impregnation process

The authors present the results of investigation and experimental implementation of several processes: production of heavy oil residue and its deasphaltizing and impregnation of carbonate rock with deasphalted oil. Heavy oil residue has been produced during fractionation of highly-vicious oil by steam-thermal method. Deasphaltizing of oil-residue and impregnation of carbonate rock are implemented with the use of extraction and supercritical fluid impregnation processes with propane-butane solvent.     

Synthesis hydrophilic hybrid nanoparticles and its application in wettability alteration of oil-wet carbonate rock reservoir

In this study, synthesized SiO₂/ZnO hybrid nanoparticles were used to change the wettability of carbonate rock from highly oil-wet to strongly water-wet state. The SiO₂/ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by modified sol-gel method. In this method, TEOS was used to increase the functional groups on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles to produce highly hydrophilic nanoparticles. The contact angle measurements were conducted on the rock surface before and after nano-treatment. The contact angle of oil droplet with the rock changed from 0° to 150°, 161°, 164° and 170° after impregnation the rock with 0.01, 0.033, 0.07 and 0.33 wt.% nanofluids.     

YAG:Nd~(3+)激光器在工业加工中的应用及参数选择

本文概述了YAG:Nd~(3+)激光器在工业加工中的几种应用。对YAG:Nd~(3+)激光器在不同应用中,根据不同的加工要求,合理地选择激光参数和加工参数的问题作了介绍。     

Electrical characterisation of Cu-Diffusedn-GaAs epitaxial layers using optical deep level transient spectroscopy

Undopedn ^--GaAs epitaxial layers were grown by OMVPE onn ⁺ (1 × 10¹⁸ cm³) and semi-insulating (SI) GaAs substrates. The as-grown epitaxial layers grown onn ⁺ substrates contained several deep level defects whereas those grown on SI substrates were, apart from the EL2, virtually “defect free”. Upon Cu diffusion, deep levels which may reduce hole and electron diffusion lengths and lifetimes, were formed. Optical deep level transient spectrocopy (ODLTS) has been used to identify such levels atE _v + 0,41 eV andE _c-0,31 eV respectively. The EO1 (EL2) trap concentration reduced after Cu had been diffused into the epitaxial layers. The magnitude of this reduction was approximately equal to the concentration of the trap found atE _c - 0,31 eV which suggests that the two may be related. Activation energies and capture cross-section values are presented for the deep levels detected in these epitaxial layers.     

西西伯利亚含油气省北部侏罗系油气藏的渗容特征随埋深的变化规律

在侏罗系油气藏地区划分和对大量分析资料(约8000有效孔隙度和粒间渗透率样品)分析的基础上,阐明了侏罗系粒状储集层的渗容特征,并查明了它们随埋藏深度而变化的规律。指出,侏罗系油藏储集层总的特点是具有中、低孔隙度和较低、低的渗透率。在区域性的油气藏中,牛津阶和巴统阶具有最大的渗容值,而阿林巴依奥斯阶和托阿尔阶的渗容值较低,普林斯巴赫和赫唐- 辛涅缪尔阶渗容值最低,而生产层Ю11- Ю14、Ю2、Ю3 层的特点是中等孔隙度和中等、较低的渗透率。油气藏储集层的渗容值取决于储集层的埋深,上侏罗统砂具有中等有效孔隙度和粒间渗透率,孔隙度由14.2%降至 11.2%,粒间渗透率由 19.62×10-3μm2,降至 236×10-3μm2,而下侏罗统在2750—3750m,有效孔隙由 14.8%降至7%,粒间渗透率由7.90×10-3μm2 降至 0.03×10-3μm2,4250m以下,侏罗系粒状储集层的分布空间有限,其含油气远景可能与欠压实次生作用和裂隙型储集层的发育带有关。随着储集层埋深的加大,渗容值降低,这主要与上覆地层压力作用下的压实作用有关。