塔河油田酸化压裂工艺现状及研究

塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层具有埋藏深、地温高、低渗透,非均质性强的特点。采用胶凝酸体系和变粘酸体系,根据储层类型不同,采用酸化压裂技术沟通裂缝,提高导流能力,达到增产的目的。酸压施工成功率95%,有效率60%,增产的原油占油田日产量40%,为油田增加探明储量1×108t。从而成为油田开发、稳产和增产的主要措施之一。     

换热器表面预处理及防腐工艺

石化换热器许多设备都由碳钢制作,需要涂镀渗防腐,为保证防腐层质量,需要进行严格的表面预处理。概述了机械与化学表面预处理及相关的防腐工艺。     

Characteristics of heavy-oil-in-water emulsions containing produced sand

Heavy-oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions containing produced sand were prepared using commercially available emulsifiers. The emulsions were tested in beakers for emulsion type, quality, and sand-retention characteristics. The apparent viscosities of the o/w emulsions were measured. The effects of polymer addition on the apparent viscosity and sand-carrying capability of the emulsions were also studied. The results of the breaker tests indicate that most emulsifier solutions water-wet the beaker wall and temporarily improve heavy-oil flow characteristics. However, most of the chemicals also water-wet the sand particles and cause sand dropout. The Flothin F2 chemical alone showed stable oil dispersion and, in combination with the Flocon 4800C polymer, showed very good sand-retention, viscosity-reduction, and stable oil-dispersion characteristics.     

沸石滤池的净水作用

利用沸石的过滤吸附作用与石英砂进行对比试验 ,试验表明 ,粒径为 0 .8～ 1 .2mm的天然沸石对水中浊度、有机物、苯酚及氨氮的去除效果均好于同粒径石英砂 ,且水头损失小 ,运行周期长 ,是一种经济可行的水处理滤料。     

无破胶剂聚合物压裂液的研究

在合成了由短链分子聚合和交联的新型无破胶剂压裂液的基础上,考察了增稠剂浓度、交联剂用量对压裂液性能的影响,评价了新型无破胶剂压裂液的综合性能。结果表明,当增稠剂浓度在2.0%以上,交联剂浓度增加,液体的粘度迅速增大;无破胶剂压裂液在170 s-1的剪切速率下120 min后仍具有较好的剪切稀释性;新型无破胶剂压裂液与常规的胍胶相比,同样具有滤失量低的特点,在90℃下,压裂液仍有较好的携砂能力;其还具有表面活性剂清洁压裂液无残渣、易返排的特点。此外,该压裂使用方便,还可再生重复使用。     

砂子负载纳米TiO2薄膜光降解有机污染物的研究

从光化学的角度，对砂子负载纳米二氧化钛薄膜，光催化剂降解工业污水中的有机污染物的过程进行分析与研究，探讨了多种因素对光降解的影响。实验显示在紫外光和纳米二氧化钛共同存在下，能对工业污水进行处理，砂子负载纳米二氧化钛进行光催化降解的最佳条件：纳米二氧化钛的质量分数为2％，焙烧温度约300℃，工业污水的pH为6．0～7．0。     

Allelopathic properties ofPolygonella myriophylla

Polygonella myriophylla is a perennial shrub endemic to the Florida scrub. Striking bare zones surround maturePolygonella stands. Quantitative measurements of root distribution show that fewPolygonella roots extend into the bare zones, supporting the hypothesis that the bare zones result from chemical interference byPolygonella with the growth of other species. Bioassays of soils collected biweekly for one year from beneathPolygonella, the bare zone, and adjacent grassed areas confirm that the germination and growth of grasses is reduced inPolygonella soil and soil from the surrounding bare zone. Compared to adjacent grassed area soil, the average germination of bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum) was 71% inPolygonella soil and 81% in bare zone soil, and average shoot dry weight was 48% inPolygonella soil and 81% in bare zone soil. Seasonal variation in the inhibition of grass germination and growth was not pronounced.     

Role of sand on curing of partex surface by UV radiation

A partex surface was modified by a UV‐curing system with epoxy acrylate (EB‐600). A set of formulations was prepared with oligomer and the trifunctional monomer trimethylol propane triacrylate in different combinations of percentages (1–5%) of sand to study the role of sand in various physical properties of UV‐cured thin films, as well as partex surfaces. Increased pendulum hardness (PH), gloss, adhesion, and abrasion values were obtained by the addition of sand into the partex surfaces. The best results were obtained with the formulation containing 3% sand. An enhanced PH and a decreased percentage of gel content of the UV‐cured film was observed with an increase of the sand concentration. A simulated weathering test was performed with partex surfaces cured by a formulation containing 3% sand in the base coat. The losses of the physical properties were found to be lower over the surface treated with the formulation containing sand. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 2385–2392, 2002     

超声波传感器在沙子料位检测中的应用

为提高混凝土的质量,配比很重要,其中沙子精确计量是关键因素之一。提出并设计了超声波系统测量沙子料位;为保证测量精度,采取自动增益控制电路和温度补偿。经实验证明:该方法简单、可行,为沙子质量的检测提供了一种新的参考方法。     

High-strength concrete with different fine aggregate

High-strength concrete (HSC) has undergone many developments based on the studies of influence of cement type, type and proportions of mineral admixtures, type of superplasticizer and the mineralogical composition of coarse aggregates. Most studies were carried out using natural sand with rounded and smooth grains. In practice, crushed sands from various sources are frequently used in concrete. In this paper, two aspects of the effect of crushed sands on HSCs are presented. First, the performance of crushed sands in relation to natural sand using a low water/cement (w/c) ratio and fixed coarse aggregate and cement content is analyzed. Results show that concrete with crushed sand requires an increase of superplasticizer to obtain the same slump. It also presents a higher strength than the corresponding natural sand concrete at all test ages, while its elastic modulus is lower at 28 days and is the same after that. Studies on the development of hydration and mortar phase of concrete show that the increase of strength can be attributed to the improvement of paste-fine aggregate transition zone. Second, the influence of the mineralogical source of the crushed sands was studied using three different types of crushed sands (granite, limestone and dolomite) with similar grading. Two mixtures containing 450 and 485 kg/m³ cement and low w/c ratio are analyzed. Results show the adverse effects of shape and texture on workability of concrete, but the compressive strength of concrete is improved. Granite crushed sand appears as the most advantageous sand for this purpose.