基于多业务场景的大数据脱敏技术研究及其在电力用户隐私信息保护中的应用

数据流转过程中,保证数据安全使用的最有效方法即数据脱敏,通过将数据中的敏感信息标识化处理,确保隐私信息在使用过程中的安全可靠。本文首先对数据脱敏技术进行介绍,包括脱敏概念、脱敏原则和脱敏方法等;之后对电力企业数据特点进行分析,梳理形成用户隐私信息类别;进一步对电力系统中用户隐私信息的实际应用场景进行提取划分;在此基础上,应用不可逆的数据脱敏方法,制定形成数据脱敏规则,并根据数据使用的不同业务环境,提出动/静态大数据脱敏技术方案。该方案紧密结合电力企业实际业务需求,在应用过程中,无论是对现有系统进行改造,或是部署新的设备,都最大限度的保证了投入成本与实际产出间的合理配比,使得数据价值得到充分挖掘的同时,保障用户隐私信息安全。     

Requirements Scenarios Formalization Technique: N Versions Towards One Good Version

Using a notion of simulation introduced by de Roever et al. [9], we define a corresponding notion of bisimulation which we will use as a test to detect formality discrepancy between two formal versions of the same informal scenario. We will also use it, combined with the relation part of, as a test to detect discrepancy between two formal scenarios describing two different informal scenarios. We will describe a way of implementing these formality discrepancy tests in the work place. We call it N-version technique for scenario formalization. This technique allows us to (1) detect formality discrepancy between formal scenario versions corresponding to the same scenario, to (2) validate, for the given scenario, the formalization obtained by a specifier against another obtained by another specifier before bothering the stake-holder with problems of the specifier's creation (formalization errors), and to (3) detect formality discrepancy between the formal scenarios of different informal scenarios if their respective spaces share at least one component.     

一种改进的图像相似度算法

图像相似度算法在图像识别、图像搜素引擎等研究领域具有重要意义。针对传统的灰度颜色直方图算法无法准确地描述各种颜色在图像中的分布情况的问题,提出了一种改进的图像相似度算法。它融合图像的纹理特征,利用灰度共生矩阵来提取图像像素在图像各个位置的特征信息。实验表明,这种融合图像纹理特征的方法不仅保留了灰度颜色直方图算法执行效率高的特点,而且弥补了颜色直方图算法的不足,进而提高了算法的准确性。在实际的应用场景中,可以通过调整两种算法的权值,来进一步提高算法的准确性。     

基于手机使用情景的交互设计研究

目的明确使用情景的定义,并针对现有产品在不同使用场景下形成的交互形态进行分析,探究不同场景下产品使用时用户的交互诉求以及期望的交互体验,达到探索新的功能及交互方式的目的。方法以使用情景理论依据为研究基础,结合诺曼UCD理论和诺曼行为分析系统,了解用户在心理世界与现实世界中对信息处理的分类与筛选的方法,以此对用户在不同使用情景下的交互行为进行分析或预期,提出基于使用情景的交互设计方法基本方式,为交互设计提供新思路。结论通过得出的基于使用场景的交互设计方法,以现有手机拍照交互设计为实例,提炼出用户在不同场景中交互体验的需求痛点,针对用户的使用痛点,结合用户的使用诉求,提出创新的交互方式,以此初步证明研究思路的可行性。     

MARKAL模型在北京中远期能源发展研究中的应用

MARKAL模型是一个综合能源系统优化模型,在满足给定的能源需求量和污染物排放量限制条件下,确定出使能源系统成本最小化的一次能源供应结构和用能技术结构。本文尝试将MARKAL模型应用于北京市中远期能源系统建设研究,根据北京市未来能源、经济、环境协调发展的要求,进行了几种可能的未来能源系统发展情景分析。研究结果表明,适当安排大气环境质量改善进程可以明显减少清洁能源系统建设成本,而且不影响大气环境质量改善的总体效果。     

An Intelligent Man-Machine Dialogue System Based on AI Planning

We describe the modular architecture of a generic dialogue system that assists a user/operator in performing a task with a tool. This coaching system is named CALLIOPE after the Greek goddess of eloquence. It aims at being an active partner in an intelligent man-machine dialogue. The intelligent dimension of the coaching system is reflected by its ability to adapt to the user and the situation at hand. The CALLIOPE system contains an explicit user model and world model to situate its dialogue actions. A plan library allows it to follow loosely predetermined dialogue scenarios.The heart of the coaching system is an AI planning module, which plans a series of dialogue actions. We present a coherent set of three dialogue or speech actions that will make up the physical form of the man-machine communication.The use of the AI planning paradigm as a basis for man-machine interaction is motivated by research in various disciplines, as e.g., AI, Cognitive Science and Social Sciences. Starting from the man-man communication metaphor, we can view the thinking before speaking of a human communication partner as constructing an underlying plan which is responsible for the purposiveness, the organisation and the relevance of the communication.CALLIOPE has been fully implemented and tested on theoretical examples. At present, also three tailored versions of CALLIOPE are in operational use in different industrial application domains: operator support for remedying tasks in chemical process industry, operator support for a combined task of planning, plan execution and process control in the area of chemical process development, and thirdly decision support in production scheduling.     

面向配网多馈线互联的柔性多状态开关拓扑选型分析

柔性多状态开关(flexible multi-state switch,FMS)是采用电力电子技术的新型智能配电设备,有助于解决配电网馈线功率失衡、电压波动越限等问题。多端FMS能够实现多条馈线柔性互联,其拓扑选型对设备的经济效益、联接限制等方面均有重要影响。文中以应用于中压配电网的三端FMS拓扑为例,就拓扑结构、性能和应用场景进行探索。重点针对模块化多电平变流器拓扑、九桥臂变流器拓扑和桥臂分叉变流器拓扑,分析各拓扑运行特性,并计算对应的核心参数、运行损耗和运行范围,进而得出各拓扑建设成本、占地空间、运行效率和潮流调节能力等指标的对比结果。最后,给出三种拓扑所适用的场景,为配网系统中多端FMS拓扑的选取提供建议。     

Food supply capacity study at global scale

The world population is expected to grow to 10 billion people in 2040, requiring food production at least to triple, as a combined result of population growth and dietary changes. In this study scenarios for food security are developed for 15 major regions of the world. Food production is calculated on a 1°x1° grid basis, using inputs from a digital data base containing soil, climatic, agronomic and demographic data. This allows us to study impacts of different production scenarios and their environmental side effects. Soil area data are derived from the digitized FAO soil map, considered to be representative for soil units on a 1°x1° grid; weather variables of 978 stations are allocated to the grid cells. Food production estimations are made with a simple crop growth module, a soil water balance and a soil nitrogen balance. Calculations are done on a grid basis, each grid cell being characterized by its suitability for arable farming or grassland, soil and climatic conditions and the availability of irrigation water. Results of Yield Oriented Agriculture (YOA) and Environment Oriented Agriculture (EOA) production scenarios on food self-sufficiency are presented. If we assume that there is no limit to transport of food across the globe, YOA allows the entire globe an affluent diet, while EOA allows only a moderate diet. For this scenario, regional self sufficiency indices vary widely: most regions can produce food required for an affluent diet, but not East, South and West Asia that account for 48% of the expected global population in 2040. Also Southeast Asia (9% of expected global population in 2040) and West and North Africa (10%) come close to the lower limit for food self-sufficiency. With EOA, only the former USSR, North and South America, Central and Southern Africa and Oceania can offer their future populations an affluent diet. Southern Asia will experience food shortages even under minimum food demand, and less affluent diets do not provide a solution. In this paper, attention is given to the methodology regarding soils, and to the uncertainty regarding soil and water in input data. Particularly soil suitability for agriculture for each of the grid cells has a large effect on model calculations, as it is a rather rough approximation. Knowledge of soils across the world shows important weaknesses with respect to the extent of coverage, extrapolation of point observations to grid cells, definition of soil characteristics compatible with crop models, and handling of preferential flow in soil profiles. We emphasize the need for digitized, reliable and readily available natural resource information in the fields of soil surveys, climatology, irrigation water availability, land use and land cover. The ultimate goal of the approach is not to predict the future of global agriculture, but to allow decision makers to compare various scenarios for food self-sufficiency, and to raise awareness regarding issues related to food security. In spite of the above-mentioned shortcomings in basic data, it is demonstrated that it is possible to develop the required scenarios now, instead of having to wait on more reliable soil information.     

The impact of climate change on the European energy system

Climate change can affect the economy via many different channels in many different sectors. The POLES global energy model has been modified to widen the coverage of climate change impacts on the European energy system. The impacts considered are changes in heating and cooling demand in the residential and services sector, changes in the efficiency of thermal power plants, and changes in hydro, wind (both on- and off-shore) and solar PV electricity output. Results of the impacts of six scenarios on the European energy system are presented, and the implications for European energy security and energy imports are presented.Main findings include: demand side impacts (heating and cooling in the residential and services sector) are larger than supply side impacts; power generation from fossil-fuel and nuclear sources decreases and renewable energy increases; and impacts are larger in Southern Europe than in Northern Europe.There remain many more climate change impacts on the energy sector that cannot currently be captured due to a variety of issues including: lack of climate data, difficulties translating climate data into energy-system-relevant data, lack of detail in energy system models where climate impacts act. This paper does not attempt to provide an exhaustive analysis of climate change impacts in the energy sector, it is rather another step towards an increasing coverage of possible impacts.     

基于风电功率变化典型场景的风电场无功补偿优化配置

针对集中式接入的风电场,在升压变压站进行无功补偿优化配置。通过基于动态时间弯曲的层次聚类法分析风电功率整体变化特性,获得典型场景及其概率,并利用局部波动数值的概率分布来表征风电功率局部变化特性。在此基础上,建立二层规划模型,上层模型以年综合费用最小为目标函数,下层模型针对风电场全年的风电功率进行动态无功优化,达到兼顾经济性和运行可靠性的目的。采用遗传算法和原对偶内点法进行求解,并通过某实际风电场的仿真算例,验证所提出方法的可行性和有效性。