发色团含有乙撑基或乙烯撑桥基的碳菁合成及其光谱和增感性能

本文研究发色团α,α′ 位上具有乙撑基和乙烯撑桥基的碳菁合成通法 ,染料的立体结构、质子化倾向和萤光特性。探讨了多甲川发色团的α,α′ 位桥基和中位取代基对硫碳菁在长波区域的电子吸收光谱的影响。研究结果指出 :多甲川链上含有乙撑桥的硫碳菁有可能使照相卤化银乳剂在远红区和近红外光谱区产生高效的光谱增感作用。     

Application of enzymatically gelled chitosan solutions to water‐resistant adhesives

An investigation was undertaken on the application of dilute chitosan solutions gelled by tyrosinase‐catalyzed reaction with 3,4‐dihydroxyphenethylamine (dopamine). The tyrosinase‐catalyzed reaction with dopamine conferred water‐resistant adhesive properties to the semidilute chitosan solutions. The viscosity of the chitosan solutions increased highly by the tyrosinase‐catalyzed reaction and the subsequent reactions between o‐quinone compounds and chitosan. These highly viscous, gel‐like modified chitosan materials were allowed to spread onto the surfaces of the glass slides, which were tightly lapped together and held them in water. Tensile shear adhesive strength of over 400 kPa was observed for the modified chitosan samples. The increase in the amino group concentration of the chitosan solutions and the molecular mass of the chitosan used effectively led to the increase in adhesive strength of the glass slides. In addition, in the case where the chitosan solution was gelled by the enzymatic reaction with dopamine in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol), adhesive strength sharply increased at shorter reaction times concomitantly with the increase in the viscosity of the chitosan solutions because the tyrosinase activity effectively was retained by poly(ethylene glycol). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1818–1827, 2007     

石蜡聚苯乙烯微球的制备

通过悬浮聚合技术合成了石蜡聚苯乙烯微球，研究了合成过程中引发剂浓度及交联剂用量对微球粒径及其分布的影响。     

两种聚氨酯防水涂料的比较

对焦油型和非焦油水固化型聚氨酯防水涂料B组分的生产工艺、配方特点，施工操作工艺、固化时间、涂膜性能等方面进行了比较，指出新开发的非焦油型聚氨酯涂料生产周期短、能耗少、气味小，是环保型聚氨酯防水涂料。     

聚丙烯酸酯压敏胶带制备及其性能研究

本文研究广丙烯酸酯单体的共聚合反应以及交联型压敏胶带的制备过程，从而确定了最佳工艺条件，并测定了压敏胶带的老化，贮存期，可剥离等性能。     

新型吸-放热复合发泡剂的特性分析与应用

对自制的新型吸－放热复合发泡剂ＨＣＢ－ＮＸ的分解动力学和热力学特性进行了研究,同时对采用该发泡剂进行硬质聚氯乙烯低发泡挤出的特性及泡孔结构进行了分析。     

Phytoplankton as biomonitors: A study of Museum Lake in Government Botanical Garden and Museum,Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala India

An assessment of the pollution status of Museum Lake in the Thiruvananthapuram Botanical Garden and Museum was conducted. Analysis of different community structures of the planktonic taxa in the lake revealed it is organically polluted, attributable to the organic litter from riparian vegetation. A total of 30 most pollution‐tolerant phytoplankton genera and 24 pollution‐tolerant species were identified. Pollution‐tolerant phytoplankton genera in the lake included Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. Scenedesmus, Pinnularia, Euglena, Ankistrodesmus, Closterium, Crucigenia, Kirchneriella, Merismopedia and Oscillatoria were some of the phytoplankton pollution tolerant genera whereas, Nitzschia palea, Synedra acus, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Pandorina morum and Trachelomonas volvocina were some of the pollution tolerant species noted. Excessive nutrient loading from the surrounding area is definitely degrading the quality of this urban lake ecosystem. Detailed information regarding the pollution status of a waterbody is very important in this regard, noting it ultimately assists in undertaking proper management of a waterbody. The Palmer Algal Index score for Museum Lake was 37, indicating it is highly organic enriched. The results of different algal indices (e.g. Chlorophycean Index; Nygaard Index) indicated a eutrophic condition for Museum Lake, being attributed to its increased organic enrichment. Canonical correspondence analysis between environmental variables and the microalgal bioindicators also highlighted the influence of the physical and chemical parameters on phytoplankton abundance and distribution in Museum Lake.     

Occurrence patterns of alien freshwater turtles in a large urban pond ‘Archipelago’ (Rome,Italy): Suggesting hypotheses on root causes

The patterns of the occurrence and distribution of alien freshwater turtle species in an urban pond archipelago (Rome, Italy) were analysed, with the aim of exploring the role of a set of factors (type of ponds, landscape context, size area, distance from the nearest road) with a generalized linear model approach. A total of 311 ponds subdivided in three types (fountains, small basins, lakes) embedded in different landscape contexts (public parks, private parks, urban areas) at differing distances from the nearest road were sampled. Six non‐native freshwater turtle species in 31 sites were recorded (9.97%). Lakes exhibited the highest occurrence rates of alien freshwater turtles, compared to small basins and fountains. Freshwater turtle species in urbanized areas were only observed in parks (both public and private). In both the public and private parks, the lakes exhibited the highest percentage of occupied sites, with fountains being the lowest. A direct and significant relationship was observed between pond size and species richness. The distance from the nearest road did not appear to affect species richness. A first interpretation of the data from this study facilitated the postulation of two a posteriori hypotheses that should be tested, as follows: (i) the causal process of turtle release is random, and the rate of extinction (and recapture) is higher in smaller ponds, thus producing the observed pattern; and (ii) the turtle release is not random, and people actively select the ponds they consider more suitable for their pet animals. In this study, it appears the lakes were perceived by those who abandon their pets as the most ecologically suitable habitats among other pond types to accommodate the different species of turtles. Knowledge of people's attitudes in regard to releasing pet animals also might assist managers of public green spaces to develop strategies aimed to preserve local biodiversity, and to educate the public about the conservation issue represented by the alien species.     

Development of a system‐based water balance model to assess interrelated physical and anthropogenic constraints in lake and reservoir watersheds,applied to Coeur d'Alene Lake,Idaho, USA

This study presents a methodology for the development of a water balance model that uses publicly available data in a manner useful to water scientists and managers who manage complex lake and reservoir watersheds. The approach was applied to Coeur d'Alene Lake, a naturally occurring lake that is controlled by a dam located on its outlet (Spokane River) in North Idaho, USA. As in many other areas, the region surrounding Coeur d'Alene Lake has experienced high rates of population growth in recent years, and there is concern that, as consumptive water use increases, the lake will eventually not be able to be managed to simultaneously maintain the federally mandated minimum flow requirements in the Spokane River and also maintain the target summertime elevation of 2128 feet (648.6 m) for recreation and hydropower purposes. The complexity caused by the competing uses at Coeur d'Alene Lake makes it an excellent case study for similarly characterized watersheds. Both a natural flow model and regulated elevation model were developed, and sensitivity analysis was conducted on both models to evaluate which lake processes have the greatest effects on lake elevation, thereby requiring the most attention. A ‘low‐flow’ scenario was modelled to demonstrate the usefulness of the model and to inform Coeur d'Alene Lake regional stakeholders regarding the interrelationship between current water policy and the lake's physical behaviour under stressed conditions that could result from climate change. Model result indicates that, while lake elevation may be maintained at the summertime elevation of 2128 feet (648.6 m) under a low‐flow scenario, the outflows in the Spokane River start to approach the minimum flow requirements in the month of August. The developed approach is useful where publicly available data exist and allows for economic, yet rigorous, water resources systems evaluation without requiring significant field data collection.     

我国结构抗浮水位研究现状与展望

目前我国结构抗浮水位方面研究成果虽然很丰富, 但分歧很大, 不仅直接影响了实际工程中的应用, 同时也造成了研究工作自身缺乏系统性和延续性。为解决这一问题, 利用水文学、水力学和土力学等科学理论, 分别从抗浮水位基本概念、抗浮水位分析中两个基本问题(孔隙水压力和远期最高水位)的方法论和抗浮水位分析的技术体系等3个角度对既有研究成果进行了系统综述与客观分析。在抗浮水位基本概念方面, 根据地下水赋存和渗流理论, 将目前研究成果划分为二维、准三维和三维等3种类型, 提出了各自的数学表达式, 分析了三者之间逻辑关系, 讨论了各自的科学性和适用性。在孔隙水压力分析方法方面, 尤其是孔隙水压力折减问题, 对基于渗流理论和有效应力原理的经典分析方法进行系统评述的同时, 还对当前讨论热烈的基于结合水理论的分析方法进行了梳理评价。在地下水远期最高水位预测方面, 着重讨论了历史最高水位法、基于宏观数据反演法和数值分析法等3种方法的优缺点及需要完善之处。在抗浮水位分析技术体系方面, 以北京地区为例对该类问题作了简要总结与评述。最后, 对抗浮水位研究与应用现状进行了概要性评述, 并结合我国国情, 对未来工作提出了展望与建议。